Inappropriate urinary catheterisation: a review of the prevalence, risk factors and measures to reduce incidence

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Despite the availability of guidelines to minimise inappropriate catheterisation and consequently the risk of CAUTI, failure to adequately adopt them worldwide over the past two decades has meant that the incidence of inappropriate placement remains high. Research shows that inappropriate catheterisation is especially high in older individuals, female patients and those who may be defined as critically ill—with a consequent increased risk of CAUTI. It is clear, however, that adopting comprehensive intervention measures, such as removing a catheter immediately post-surgery or when no longer indicated, and ensuring that catheters are not used as a substitute for the lack of staff resource, are effective in reducing unnecessary catheterisation (Gould et al, 2010; Nicolle et al, 2014). It is vital that health professionals pay greater attention to inappropriate catheterisation and that they are made aware of and adhere to local policies and international guidelines on the management of indwelling catheterisation. It is also vital to raise awareness among health professionals, including nurses, of inappropriate catheterisation in order to reduce the incidence of CAUTIs, for example through staff education.

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