Leptospirosis- the "rat disease" in our environment

What is it about?

Leptospirosis is an important global zoonotic disease. The main reservoirs for pathogenic Leptospira are the rodents, including rats that may carry pathogenic serovars. Leptospirosis is known to be an occupational disease, commonly occurring among farmers, veterinarian, abattoir workers and fishermen. However, recreational activities such as water sports and travel to endemic countries have also been recognized as risk factors for this disease. The rapid urbanization of cities and improper garbage management system in urban areas probably created favorable conditions for animal carriers. This may pose a health risk for leptospirosis as infected animals and carriers might contaminate environmental waters and soils via their excreta and urine. The aim of this study was to detect and characterize Leptospira species in water and soils from selected urban sites. PCR assay was used for detection and differentiation between pathogenic and saprophytic species. Determination of different serogroups among the positive isolates was carried out by MAT, and the genetic relatedness among these Malaysian isolates was determined by PFGE.

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Photo by Alexas_Fotos on Unsplash

Photo by Alexas_Fotos on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This study has proven the presence of genetically diverse Leptospira in the Malaysian urban environment. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira in water samples especially in recreational lakes, may pose a health risk, especially to those who come into contact with contaminated water during sports activities. Necessary precautions should be taken by the authorities to monitor water bodies and to alert the public of contaminated water bodies in view of this. The presence of these pathogenic strains in effluent drains is also a concern for better control of the host reservoir population and appropriate garbage management.

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