What is it about?

Background Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder characterized by bone fragility and skeletal alterations. The administration of bisphosphonates (BPs) to patients with OI reduces pain, thereby improving their quality of life. The main mechanism of action of BPs is the inhibition of osteoclast action. In the oral cavity of children with OI during growth and development, physiological processes that require the function of osteoclasts occur. The aim of this investigation was to study the dental development of premolars and the root resorption of primary molars in children with OI medicated with BPs according to age and sex. Methods An observational and analytical study was designed. The study sample consisted of 26 6- to 12-year- old children with a confirmed diagnosis of OI treated with BPs with available panoramic radiographs. The control group consisted of 395 children with available panoramic radiographs. Both groups were divided into subgroups according to sex and age. The third quadrant was studied, focusing on the first left temporary molar (7.4), the second left temporary molar (7.5), the first left permanent premolar (3.4) and the second left permanent premolar (3.5). The Demirjian method was used to study the dental development of 3.4 and 3.5, and the Haavikko method was used to study the root resorption of 7.4 and 7.5. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used for comparisons, and p<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The mean chronological age of the 421 patients was 9.21 years (95% CI 9.05–9.37). The sample was reasonably balanced by sex, with 52.5% (221 patients) boys versus 47.5% (200 patients) girls. Delayed exfoliation and tooth development were described in children with OI (p=0.05). According to sex, the root resorption of primary molars and tooth development were significantly lower in boys in both groups and in girls in the OI group, but the differences between the age groups were not significant.

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Why is it important?

The study on root resorption of primary molars and dental development of premolars in children with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) treated with bisphosphonates is important for several reasons. OI affects bone strength and can lead to dental issues like root resorption and delayed development. Understanding the impact of bisphosphonate treatment on these conditions is crucial for optimizing care. This research also highlights how age and gender influence dental development in children with OI, enabling tailored treatment approaches. By identifying potential complications early, clinicians can implement interventions that improve oral health outcomes. Overall, the findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between medication and dental health in pediatric OI patients, informing better management strategies for affected children.

Perspectives

I see this research as crucial for understanding how bisphosphonate treatment affects dental health in children with OI. Given that OI leads to fragile bones and dental complications, examining root resorption and premolar development provides valuable insights for clinicians. By analyzing data based on age and gender, we can identify specific trends that allow for more personalized treatment approaches. Additionally, the findings inform parents and healthcare providers about the implications of bisphosphonate therapy on dental health, highlighting the importance of regular dental assessments. Overall, this study aims to enhance care strategies for children with OI, ensuring effective management of both bone and dental health.

Prof. Rosa Mourelle
Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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This page is a summary of: Root resorption of primary molars and dental development of premolars in children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta medicated with bisphosphonates, grouped according to age and gender, BMC Oral Health, July 2024, Springer Science + Business Media,
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04557-3.
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