Toll-like receptor-agonist-based therapies for respiratory viral diseases: thinking outside the cell

What is it about?

Therapeutically targeting innate immunity in the upper respiratory tract (eg nasal cavity) will potentially provide rapid protection against respiratory viruses - currently circulating as well as newly emerged viruses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family pathogen-sensing molecules, some of which are located on the cell surface, others are locating within cells. TLRs are critical for immune activation following virus infection and have been a focus for therapy development. This review covers the role of different TLRs in the response to viruses and their potential as targets for therapy.

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