What is it about?
Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 are immune recognition receptors expressed in the intestinal epithelium, the first physical-physiological barrier for microorganisms, to inform the host of the presence of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine that contributes to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis
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Why is it important?
Here we describe how IL-10 expression is mediated by TLR2 and 4 supporting the idea that intestinal epithelial cells could play a role in innate immune response by IL-10 release and how microbiota could interfere in intestinal homeostasis controlling IL-10 levels.
Perspectives
This work opens the possibility of an immune role for intestinal epithelial cells and illustrates how bacteria in the gut may modulate intestinal activity through TLRs. In addition, the tissue-dependent modulation exerted by TLR2 and TLR4 on IL-10 might explain why certain IBDs are restricted to different regions of the digestive tract.
Eva Latorre
University of Exeter
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 modulate intestinal IL-10 differently in ileum and colon, United European Gastroenterology Journal, August 2017, SAGE Publications,
DOI: 10.1177/2050640617727180.
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