Tighter regulations needed for over-the-counter codeine in Canada

What is it about?

In Canada, codeine products with 8mg or less do not require a prescription [available Over-The-Counter (OTC)]. In my article, I review information that highlights the abuse of OTC codeine in Ontario, Canada, and in other countries such as Australia and New Zealand where codeine is also available without a prescription. In the midst of an opioid epidemic in Canada, regulatory changes are needed to curb abuse of OTC codeine. There are a few options available, and the pros and cons of each need to be looked at.

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Why is it important?

Canada is in the midst of an opioid drug epidemic. There has been a steep rise in opioid-related deaths over the last few years. In Ontario, Canada, for example, opioid related deaths have tripled between 2002 (168 deaths) -2010 (494 deaths). Having codeine available without a prescription (Over-the counter- OTC) carries many harms, with minimal benefits. Regulatory changes must be considered. Decreasing OTC codeine abuse is one piece of Canada's opioid crisis puzzle that should not be ignored.