Urea and creatinine measurements in urine

What is it about?

Urea and creatinine are two major components in human urine. Their accurate measurement in fluids and tissues is of clinical interest. One known way to measure them easily is with infrared vibrational spectroscopy. We show here that urea, and to a lesser extent creatinine, have multiple spectroscopic forms that depend on level of hydration.

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Why is it important?

It is important to recognise these and to accommodate them in analytical protocols, especially when measuring them in dried fluids or tissues as intermediate forms can exist which are different from both fully dry and solution forms of the materials.