The Vagus Nerve and the Brain-Gut Axis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Disorders

What is it about?

The vagus nerve (CN X) consists of both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) axons. It also provides the main autonomic (parasympathetic) supply to most abdominal viscera and other organs . However, CNX has a more intricate role with the brain-gut axis (BGA). CN X seems to be the most relevant component of the peripheral nervous system. It establishes the anatomic connection between the central and enteric components of the nervous system, potentiating important neural processes, brain functions, and certain behaviors (e.g., feeding and mood).

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Why is it important?

CN X comprises a direct anatomic connection by which the PNS, ANS, and ENS can communicate with the CNS, integrating all functional circuits of the BGA, including the neural pathway (e.g., CN X, ENS, and neurotransmitters), the immune pathway (e.g., cytokines), and the neuroendocrine pathway (e.g., HPA axis, EECs, and gut microbiome).

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