The external fields effectively control nanoparticle transport

What is it about?

To study complex micropolar nanofluid magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) flow phenomena, it is important to consider the conservation equations of mass, linear momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration under slip boundary conditions before applying similarity transformations. These flows have attracted significant attention because of their various applications in biomedical engineering, aeronautics, space science, and materials processing. Magneto hydrodynamics (MHD) describes the behavior of electrically conducting fluids under the influence of magnetic fields, where the Lorentz force acts as a resistance to fluid motion. Traditional studies have looked at oscillatory convection, radiation, and chemical reactions in MHD flows. However, most research has concentrated on either Newtonian fluids or basic nanofluid models instead of micropolar hybrid nanofluid, which are particularly important for biomedical applications

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Why is it important?

This study examined the flow of a nanoparticle liquid metal hybrid fluid in a permeable arterial channel with velocity slip under electromagnetic fields. The key nonlinear equations for momentum, angular momentum, energy, and concentration are solved numerically, interpreting the results from a physical viewpoint. The main physical insights are as follows: Magnetic and electric field effects (Hartmann number, electric parameter): The Lorentz force from the magnetic field slows down the axial flow. This reduces the peak velocity but increases the residence time of the drug carrying fluid within the channel. The longer residence time gives the drug more time to penetrate the arterial wall. The electric field parameter also allows for better control over fluid acceleration and deceleration. Velocity slip at the arterial wall: The slip parameter decreases wall shear stress, which helps lower resistance to flow. It also promotes a more uniform interaction between the drug and the vessel boundary, leading to smoother and more controlled drug delivery. Nanoparticle transport mechanisms like Brownian motion and thermophoresis involve random particle movement and thermally driven migration. These processes help disperse drug nanoparticles into the surrounding tissue, increasing penetration depth and improving targeted delivery efficiency. Thermal and viscous effects (Prandtl number, Eckert number): Higher Prandtl numbers restrict thermal diffusion, which localizes heat transport. Meanwhile, viscous dissipation (Eckert number) raises the fluid temperature, which in turn enhances nanoparticle migration through thermophoresis. Mass transfer effects (Lewis number, chemical reaction parameter): Higher Lewis numbers benefit heat diffusion more than mass diffusion, while stronger chemical reaction rates decrease the drug concentration before reaching its target. The balance between these factors is key for effective drug delivery. In summary, this study shows that the combined effects of nanoparticles, liquid metal, external electromagnetic fields, and slip conditions create a consistent physical mechanism for improving controlled drug transport in micro vascular systems. These findings provide a biomedical framework for using hybrid nanofluid liquid metal suspensions as controllable agents for targeted therapy.