What is it about?
This chapter explores the emotional and ethical challenges involved in working with victims and survivors of genocidal sexual violence in Rwanda; those affected during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. It examines the devastating consequences of sexual violence used as a tool of genocide, including physical and psychological trauma, HIV/AIDS infection, social stigma, and the experiences of children born as a result of rape. Drawing on the personal experiences of a practitioner, entrepreneur, scholar and teacher - who has worked in Rwanda for over two decades - the chapter reflects on how survivors cope with trauma and how professionals can support them through survivor-centered and trauma-informed approaches.
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Why is it important?
This chapter is important because it highlights both the long-term impact of genocidal sexual violence on survivors and the emotional burden placed on those who work closely with them. It emphasizes the need for ethical, sensitive, and trauma-informed practices when engaging with survivors of conflict-related sexual violence. The chapter also addresses the risk of vicarious trauma among practitioners and discusses the importance of self-care and professional support. By sharing practical insights and personal reflections, it contributes to a better understanding of how to provide effective and ethical support to survivors while safeguarding the well-being of those who assist them.
Perspectives
My perspective is shaped by extensive firsthand experience working with survivors of sexual violence in Rwanda over more than twenty years. Rather than presenting the topic solely from an academic standpoint, I emphasize the emotional realities of both survivors and practitioners. The chapter suggests that effective support requires empathy, ethical responsibility, and a survivor-centered approach that recognizes the lasting effects of trauma. I also advocate for greater awareness of practitioners’ own emotional well-being, arguing that self-care and reflection are essential for preventing vicarious trauma and maintaining the capacity to provide meaningful support. Overall, the chapter reflects a deeply personal commitment to survivor dignity, healing, and ethical practice.
Anne-Marie de Brouwer
Impact: Center against Human Trafficking and Sexual Violence in Conflict
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Working with Victims/Survivors of Genocidal Sexual Violence in Rwanda: A Personal Journey, April 2026, De Gruyter,
DOI: 10.1163/9789004754720_011.
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