Learning in Cities from Within and Across Cities: A Scoping Review

What is it about?

Cities are places where there is a plethora of interactions between humans, technologies and nature. With the rapid evolution of cities, new challenges and opportunities emerge within them. Cities require contextual innovations to cope with emerging city behaviours. Innovation needs to be driven through the learning of contextual knowledge in cities. In this study, we explore relevant existing studies to identify the frameworks for human-centric innovations in cities that consider learning from within and/or across cities and analyse how learning in cities has been addressed. We find that even though some aspects of learning in cities have been studied, a comprehensive framework for learning in cities viewing it as an ecosystem is missing. Based on the findings of a Scoping Review and insights from the theories of the Triple, Quadruple and Quintuple helices of innovation, we present a conceptual model for cities in general, representing interrelationships among the elements that can act as drivers of city learning through multilevel interactions and feedback. The proposed model considers a city as an ecosystem for city learning through interactions between its elements for sustainable human-centric development of cities.

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