Emperor Menelik’s Attempts of Decentralized Governance

What is it about?

The picture of a centralized monarchy that one often encounters in the literature is far from accurate. The prevalent picture—in all the three epochs (the Aksumite (lasting roughly from the first to the eighth centuries AD), the medieval period (c. 1270–1527) and the modern (1855– 1974)—has been more of a decentralized monarchy rather than a centralized one (This picture changed significantly under Haile Sellassie. With the exception of those of Tigray and Wellega, all provincial governors became imperial appointees.). More often than not, emperors recognized the prerogatives of local strongmen or regional dynasties. In very rare instances did they for instance appoint their own men as provincial governors. Even Tewodros, contrary to his general characterization as a centralizing monarch, often deferred to regional power (as was evidenced in his appointment policy particularly in Tegre and Shawa). His successors, Yohannes and Menilek, pursued what was tantamount to a federal policy. Imperial authority was exercised through the annual collection of tribute rather than by means of direct intervention in local administration. Emperor Menelik followed a decentralized governance as epitomized by his policy peacemaking even with the objectors against him and letting them remain on power. Emperor Menelik also allowed provincial governors to form their own local authorities. More importantly, emperor Menelik followed the policy of political integration in the North eastern Shoa.

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