What is it about?
The probability of A given B is not the same as the probability of B given A. The fallacy of assuming that they are the same is surprisingly common.
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Why is it important?
Is the Pope a Catholic? Yes. Is a Catholic the Pope? Probably not. To mistake one probability for the other is obviously a grave error yet this error is made very often. This article discusses the mistake and gives it the name 'Invalid Inversion'.
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This page is a summary of: Invalid inversion, Significance, April 2013, Oxford University Press (OUP),
DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-9713.2013.00652.x.
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