The Missing Link? US Policy and the International Dimensions of Failed Democratic Transitions in the Arab World

What is it about?

In an attempt to explain the resilience of authoritarian governance in the region, this article aims to demonstrate the insufficiencies of external democratisation efforts that rely on a crude reading of the ‘modernisation’ school of thinking and ignore the insights of the ‘transition’ school with regard to the international dimensions of democratisation. Case studies of Egypt and Saudi Arabia, two countries sharing close strategic relationships with the United States yet differing in the socio-economic foundations of authoritarianism and experiences with managing external and domestic calls for political reform, demonstrate that the unwillingness of the United States to condition its support for regional partners on human rights concerns constitutes one of the main reasons for the Arab world's ‘democratic exception’.

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Why is it important?

The article demonstrate that the international community can play a role in supporting democratic change in the Arab world by using existing leverage to change the cost-benefit calculations of authoritarian governments contemplating or already implementing repression of bottom-up calls for political reform.