What is it about?

The study explored the association between three dietary patterns, Western, Prudent, and Mediterranean, and prostate cancer (PCa) risk by tumour aggressiveness. The Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study provided dietary and epidemiological information from 15,296 men. While no effect on PCa risk was detected for the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns, a suggestion of a detrimental effect of the Western dietary pattern was found. This effect was only observed for Gleason grade group >6, and in particular, ISUP grade 3+4+5 tumours. High adherence to a healthy diet such as that represented by the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns is not enough to prevent prostate cancer. Additionally, reducing adherence to a Western-type diet seems to be necessary. The study found that a moderate to high adherence to the Western dietary pattern might have a considerable detrimental effect on the risk of aggressive PCa.

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Why is it important?

This research is important as it explores the association between dietary patterns and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) by tumor aggressiveness. The findings suggest that a healthy diet, such as the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns, may not be enough to prevent prostate cancer, and reducing adherence to a Western-type diet may be necessary. Understanding the relationship between diet and PCa risk can help in the development of dietary recommendations for PCa prevention. Key Takeaways: 1. The Western dietary pattern appears to have a detrimental effect on PCa risk, particularly for aggressive tumors (Gleason grade group >6 and ISUP grades 3-5). 2. High adherence to the Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns does not seem to have a significant effect on PCa risk. 3. The study highlights the need for further investigations to support the findings and to explore the relationship between diet and PCa risk in more detail.

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This page is a summary of: High adherence to Western dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk: findings from the EPIC‐Spain cohort, BJU International, April 2023, Wiley,
DOI: 10.1111/bju.16001.
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