What is it about?
This paper develops a long-term scheduling framework for a network of electricity-hydrogen charging stations that serve electric vehicles, hydrogen-electric hybrid vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Instead of looking only at day-ahead operation, the study considers how charging demand evolves over a 40-year lifecycle and how service quality affects future demand growth. The framework models how each station uses wind, solar, gas turbines, reversible solid oxide cells, and hydrogen storage to supply both electricity and hydrogen. It also allows neighboring stations to cooperate by sharing energy and balancing shortages and surpluses. To reflect real operational trade-offs, the paper formulates a multi-objective optimization problem that jointly considers operating cost, renewable energy utilization, and carbon emissions. A two-stage Pareto method is then used to identify balanced operating strategies, and a contribution-adjusted Shapley allocation mechanism is proposed to distribute cooperative benefits fairly among stations according to their actual electricity and hydrogen support.
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Why is it important?
As cities move toward cleaner transportation, charging infrastructure will need to support not just battery electric vehicles, but also hybrid and hydrogen-based vehicles. That means future charging stations must handle multiple energy carriers, variable renewable generation, growing demand, and the need for fair cooperation across different operators. This paper addresses all of those challenges in one integrated framework. What makes the work especially timely is its lifecycle perspective. Rather than optimizing only short-term operation, it shows how service quality today can influence load growth and system performance in the future. The case study shows that cooperation among stations can reduce operating cost by 5.78%, cut carbon emissions by 8.89%, and improve renewable energy utilization by 3.17% compared with independent operation. These results highlight the value of coordinated electricity-hydrogen infrastructure in building cleaner and more resilient urban energy systems.
Perspectives
What I find most valuable about this work is that it moves beyond isolated charging-station optimization and treats the system as a long-term cooperative network. The combination of electricity-hydrogen coupling, QoS-driven demand evolution, and lifecycle optimization makes the framework much closer to what real future charging ecosystems will require. I also think the contribution-adjusted Shapley mechanism is an important addition. In practice, cooperation only works when participants see the benefit sharing as fair and transparent. By linking cost allocation to both economic gains and actual energy contributions, this study provides a stronger foundation for real-world deployment. Overall, the paper offers a compelling vision of how multi-energy charging infrastructure can be planned and operated for long-term sustainability.
Chair, IEEE PES EICC Task Force on AI-Enabled Resilience of CPES|Clarivate HCR|AE: IEEE TSG/TSTE/TII Yang Li
Northeast Electric Power University
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Lifecycle Multi-objective Optimization for Coordinating Electricity-Hydrogen Charging Stations, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, January 2026, Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE),
DOI: 10.1109/tia.2026.3677239.
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