Where George Spencer-Brown went wrong – re-entry recalculated

What is it about?

George Spencer-Brown miscalculated at a crucial point in his recursive genesis of re-entry in ‘Laws of Form’. This paper uncovers this mathematical error and refutes George Spencer-Brown's assumption of the Indeterminacy of forms with re-entry. By fully calculating the Modulator, the only practical application of re-entry from ‘Laws of Form’, it is shown that only the sequential interpretation of re-entry makes sense. This contributes to a deeper understanding of re-entry and its necessary sequential interpretation.

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