Changing patterns of individual performance appraisal systems for civil service in European Union countries: toward a developmental or an incentivizing model

What is it about?

Two distinct types of individual performance appraisal systems of civil service - “developmental” and “incentivizing” - do not seem to be two distinctive types; rather, they are two independent dimensions, defining altogether four different types of performance appraisal systems: incentivizing, developmental, symbolic, and want-it-all.

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