Evaluating retrieval and ranking strategies on the dark web: a focus on Tor search engines

What is it about?

In the Dark Web, finding hidden information is a major challenge for information retrieval. The criteria used to identify and organize results are uncertain because search engines must overcome unique challenges related to content and preserving anonymity, which differ from those on the Surface Web. This paper examines the factors underlying TOR network search engines, specifically focusing on how they retrieve and rank information. The study evaluated retrieval rates for various queries across three search engines. It also considered SEO strategies such as readability, accessibility, usability, credibility, and metadata usage for positioning. The findings indicate that Dark Web search engines employ search and positioning strategies, albeit with limited effectiveness, as they often retrieve a small number of questionably relevant documents. The study identifies positioning factors aimed at enhancing retrieval and user experience, highlighting the need for alternative approaches to ensure more relevant, current, and secure results.

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