Designing for engagement: a systematic literature review of multimodal e-learning in TVET and post-compulsory education

What is it about?

This study explores how online learning for adults, particularly those in vocational education and workplace training, can be made more engaging, effective, and accessible. Many adults learning online struggle with confusing layouts, too much information at once, and a lack of support. These issues can make it harder for them to stay motivated and succeed. By reviewing existing research, this paper identifies ways to design digital learning that better supports adult learners’ needs. Using ideas from Cognitive Load Theory, the study offers practical strategies for structuring online courses to reduce overload, boost confidence, and improve learning outcomes. These insights are especially important as more adults return to education to reskill and adapt to a rapidly changing world.

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