What is it about?
A new defintion of nonequilibrium temperature in order to resolve the anomaly of negative thermal conductivity in the normal shock wave when the Mach number is larger than a certain value. The new definition leads to split the energy equation into two equations: The equation for the mechanical energy and the equation for the thermal energy; which makes the first law of thermodynamics split into two balance equations. The resulting equations express the dissipative heat of irreversible processes explicitly.
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Why is it important?
It has been well known that the bulk viscosity of dilute monatomic gases should vanish. The present work shows that the bulk viscosity does not vanish and be equal to 1/15 of the shear viscosity.
Perspectives
It has been conventional to express the second law of thermodynamics as an inequality like the Clausius inequality. The present work suggests to express the second law can be expressed as an equality and the conventional inequality sign would be a consequence of the first law.
Emeritus professor Young Gie Ohr
Pai Chai University
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Nonequilibrium temperature, entropy production, and bulk viscosity of one-dimensional normal shock waves, January 2021, American Physical Society (APS),
DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012127.
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