Proposal of energy efficiency policies for food and beverage industry in Brazil.

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The main objective of this dissertation is to define, for the Brazilian food and beverage industry, energy efficiency policies based on international experiences and to measure their impacts on energy consumption. A better understanding of how they work and how energy policies are applied were sought. Around the world, it has been found that there are countries which are considered as a reference in energy conservation, and demonstrate the economic advantages. The focus is on energy security and increased competitiveness, but also sustainability, on issues related to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These more incisive policies in the electro-intensive industries can generate a relevant energy saving, which would imply the postponement of the construction of new energy generators. It was verified the existence of several energy efficiency policies, geared specifically to the industries and maintained by the federal government. It can be seen that several policies are also successfully applied among the countries studied and some are similar to the energy efficiency policies in Brazil. It should be noted that the biggest difference is that Brazilian energy efficiency policies are not implemented, largely due to lack of primary government actions, such as fiscal and tax incentives, or even special interest rates for investments in the exchange of old equipment for more efficient. In addition, there are few actions to insert a culture of energy management in the market, training in auditing, project evaluation, measurement and verification, among others. Different scenarios of technological diffusion curves were analyzed in Energy Efficiency Measures, related to meat processing in the industrial food and beverage sector. Bottom-up models were used, where the considerations of the technologies are more detailed, which allowed the modeling of the impact of distinct, well-defined technologies over the long-term development of energy consumption. Through the logistic functions (Equations 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10), the Maximum and Autonomous Diffusion curves were calculated for the EEM, different scenarios were used to simulate the energetic policies represented in the paths of the Induced Diffusion curves for each Process of Energy Efficiency in the meat processing. The comparison of the savings (Equation 11) was sought, setting the initial year of 2013 for the application of the EEM and varying the final years every five years (2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, 2040, 2045, 2050). We adopted the scenario of Autonomous Diffusion as the lower limit and the Maximum Diffusion scenario as the upper limit, thus varying the Induced Diffusion with factors from 0.1 to 0.9. It was adopted as a premise, percentage bands to represent the insertion of policies focused on energy efficiency. As a result, the amount of savings for each sub-sector was demonstrated, simulating government incentives through the insertion of energy efficiency policies in the industry. This energy savings in industries would reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help Brazil active the international agreements, especially at COP21 in Paris. As suggestions for future work, the study of the impacts of energy efficiency policies on other economic sub-sectors should be studied in order to subsidize and evaluate the magnitude of a broader energy policy program.

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