Peer-to-peer relationships between late-Ottoman municipalities

What is it about?

I analyze in this article, that is part of a collective book reflecting on the nature of globalization, how different municipalities of the Ottoman Empire (Izmir, Salonica, Alexandria, Tunis) communicated in order to implement modernizing programmes

Featured Image

Why is it important?

Part of a Critical discussion of the 'importation' paradigm, that interprets modernity in the Ottoman empire as a mere import from Europe