Brilliant green dye adsorption from aquatic medium using an activated carbon/graphene/polyacryl amide composite as a novel effective adsorbent: experimental investigation and factorial design optimization

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A Central Composite Design (CCD) Model has been utilized to assess the impact of four independent variables; initial concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage on adsorption efficiency. The analysis of residual plots confirm that the model's assumptions regarding normality, constant variance, and independence are satisfied, thereby supporting the reliability of the regression analysis. Equilibrium studies conform to the Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a maximum adsorption capacity of 105.2 mg g⁻¹, which suggests monolayer adsorption surpassing previously reported composites for BGD removal. Kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption process adhere to pseudo-second-order kinetics, pointing to a significant chemisorption mechanism. Additionally, the AC/G/PAA composite demonstrates excellent reusability for BGD removal, underscoring its potential as an effective, cost-efficient, and biodegradable sorbent for sustainable water treatment solutions.

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