Chronic Kidney Disease in Kazakhstan: National Study Reveals Prevalence and Risk Factors

What is it about?

The study aimed to determine the population prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and associated risk factors in Kazakhstan. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the research sampled 6,720 adults aged 18 to 69 from 14 regions and 3 major cities in Kazakhstan over the period from October 2021 to May 2022. The World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS questionnaire was employed for data collection, and creatinine levels in blood samples were measured to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for CKD diagnosis. The findings indicated that 73.5% of participants had normal eGFR, while 25.2% exhibited mild CKD, and 1.3% had an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.7 m², indicative of more severe CKD. Mild CKD was most prevalent in the East Kazakhstan region, with significant cases also found in Almaty city. The study identified a statistically significant relationship between CKD risk and factors such as underweight and obesity, highlighting demographic and health-related influences on CKD prevalence.

Featured Image

Photo by julien Tromeur on Unsplash

Photo by julien Tromeur on Unsplash

Why is it important?

This study is important as it provides the first large-scale national assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence in Kazakhstan, addressing a significant gap in public health data for the country. By analyzing the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) across a diverse and representative sample, the research offers valuable insights into the burden of CKD and its associated risk factors. These findings are crucial for the development of targeted healthcare policies and interventions aimed at early detection and management of CKD, thereby potentially reducing the progression to end-stage renal disease and associated healthcare costs. The study's outcomes highlight the need for increased awareness and proactive healthcare strategies in Kazakhstan and similar developing regions. Key Takeaways: 1. CKD Prevalence: The study identifies that 25.2% of participants exhibit mild CKD, with an overall prevalence of CKD with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.7 m² found in 1.3% of the sample, highlighting a significant public health concern. 2. Demographic Insights: The majority of CKD cases, particularly those with more severe eGFR reductions, were found in individuals aged 50-69 years, emphasizing the importance of age as a risk factor. 3. Regional and Health Associations: A higher prevalence of CKD was observed in the East Kazakhstan region and Almaty city, with significant associations found between CKD risk and both underweight and obesity, underscoring the role of regional and health-related factors in disease prevalence.