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This page is a summary of: Activated Carbon-Induced Oxygen Vacancy Modulation in Fe, Fe₂O₃, and Fe₃O₄: Decoding Surface Defects via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis, Surfaces and Interfaces, September 2025, Elsevier,
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107645.
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