What is it about?
Semaphorins are a family of molecules initially identified for their role in axon guidance within the nervous system. Among them, Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) and Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) have been recognized for their significant roles in the immune system, earning them the designation "immune semaphorins". Biology of Sema4A and Sema4D: Sema4A and Sema4D are part of the class IV semaphorins. They are membrane-bound proteins that interact with specific receptors to mediate their effects. Receptors: Sema4A binds to Plexin D1, Plexin B1, and Tim-2, while Sema4D interacts with Plexin B1 and CD72. Functions in the Immune System: Immune Regulation: Both Sema4A and Sema4D play crucial roles in regulating immune responses. They are involved in the activation and migration of immune cells, influencing processes such as inflammation and immune tolerance. Disease Association: These semaphorins are implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, cancer, and chronic inflammatory conditions. For instance, Sema4D has been shown to promote the migration of T cells and dendritic cells, which are essential for immune surveillance and response. Research and Therapeutic Potential: Inflammatory Diseases: Studies have highlighted the potential of targeting Sema4A and Sema4D in treating inflammatory diseases. Their expression is upregulated in conditions like asthma and other allergic inflammations. Cancer: Sema4D, in particular, has been studied for its role in tumor progression and metastasis, making it a potential target for cancer therapy
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Why is it important?
Several semaphorins have been shown to be vital for the proper functioning and development of multiple biological systems, and implicated in the mechanisms of several diseases making them a significant focus of research in various fields of medicine and biology.
Perspectives
Neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D are fascinating not only for their dual roles in the nervous and immune systems but also for their potential as therapeutic targets in various diseases.
Svetlana Chapoval
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Read the Original
This page is a summary of: Biology and function of neuroimmune semaphorins 4A and 4D, Immunologic Research, January 2011, Springer Science + Business Media,
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-010-8201-y.
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