Testing for covariate imbalance does not deal with it

What is it about?

It is concluded that tests of homogeneity on the covariates should not be performed, that covariate imbalance is just as much a problem for large studies as for small ones in terms of effect on size, and that the effect of correlation between covariates and measures of efficacy is complex.

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Why is it important?

It is shown that testing prognostic covariates for lack of balance is an ineffective way to control for their effects.