Can Weather Radar Identify Species? A Review of Taxonomic Resolution

What is it about?

This systematic review examines how well dual-polarization weather surveillance radars (WSRs) can distinguish between different types of animals in the atmosphere. These radars are widely used for meteorology but can also detect birds, bats, and insects over large areas. We reviewed 41 studies to assess progress toward finer taxonomic resolution—moving beyond broad groups to species or genus level. Key findings include: - Most studies only separate broad classes (birds vs. insects), with limited success at finer scales. - Machine learning and electromagnetic modeling show potential for improved resolution, but lack of labeled data is a major barrier. - Observational methods and supplementary data (e.g., citizen science, ecological radars) can help validate radar-based classifications. - Future progress depends on integrating radar physics, zoology, and AI, and developing shared databases of scattering properties.

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Photo by Skyler Ewing on Unsplash

Photo by Skyler Ewing on Unsplash

Why is it important?

Weather radar networks cover entire continents and operate continuously, offering a unique opportunity for large-scale biodiversity monitoring. Improving taxonomic resolution would allow researchers to track species-level movements and assess ecological responses to climate change and habitat loss. This review identifies key challenges and research directions to unlock the full potential of radar for conservation and migration ecology.

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