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  1. The Effect of Updraft Entrainment on Convective Cell Deepening in Realistic Large-Eddy Simulations

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, July 2025, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  2. Quantifying the Resolution Sensitivity of the Kain–Fritsch Scheme Across the Gray Zone by Isolating Interactions: A TWP‐ICE Case Study

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, May 2025, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  3. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Vertical Velocity under Shallow Cumulus

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, May 2025, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  4. Optimizing the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with OpenMP Offload and Codee

    Article • November 2024, Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  5. Methods to Evaluate Subcolumn Profiles Based on Two‐Point Diagnostics

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, October 2024, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  6. Offshore low-level jet observations and model representation using lidar buoy data off the California coast

    Article • Wind Energy Science, March 2024, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  7. Bridging New Observational Capabilities and Process-Level Simulation: Insights into Aerosol Roles in the Earth System

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, March 2024, American Meteorological Society

    Xiang-Yu Li, Dr. William I Gustafson

  8. Year-long buoy-based observations of the air–sea transition zone off the US west coast

    Article • Earth System Science Data, December 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  9. Evaluation of four ground-based retrievals of cloud droplet number concentration in marine stratocumulus with aircraft in situ measurements

    Article • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, December 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  10. Sensitivity of Precipitation Displacement of a Simulated MCS to Changes in Land Surface Conditions

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, May 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  11. Offshore reanalysis wind speed assessment across the wind turbine rotor layer off the United States Pacific coast

    Article • Wind Energy Science, October 2022, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  12. Effect of dust on rainfall over the Red Sea coast based on WRF-Chem model simulations

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", July 2022, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  13. Effects of Horizontal Resolution, Domain Size, Boundary Conditions, and Surface Heterogeneity on Coarse LES of a Convective Boundary Layer

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, March 2022, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  14. Determining Spatial Scales of Soil Moisture—Cloud Coupling Pathways Using Semi‐Idealized Simulations

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, January 2022, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  15. Large-Eddy Simulations of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds Associated with Cold-Air Outbreaks during the ACTIVATE Campaign. Part I: Case Setup and Sensitivities to Large-Scale Forcings

    Article • Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, January 2022, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson, Xiang-Yu Li

  16. Quantifying physical parameterization uncertainties associated with land-atmosphere interactions in the WRF model over Amazon

    Article • Atmospheric Research, November 2021, Elsevier

    Dr. William I Gustafson, Professor Qingyun Duan

  17. Large‐Scale Forcing Impact on the Development of Shallow Convective Clouds Revealed From LASSO Large‐Eddy Simulations

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, October 2021, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  18. Impact of Lateral Flow on Surface Water and Energy Budgets Over the Southern Great Plains—A Modeling Study

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, June 2021, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  19. Simulation of Continental Shallow Cumulus Populations Using an Observation‐Constrained Cloud‐System Resolving Model

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, August 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  20. Neglecting irrigation contributes to the simulated summertime warm-and-dry bias in the central United States

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, August 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  21. Understanding irrigation impacts on low-level jets over the Great Plains

    Article • Climate Dynamics, May 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  22. The Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Symbiotic Simulation and Observation (LASSO) Activity for Continental Shallow Convection

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, April 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  23. Can the Multiscale Modeling Framework (MMF) Simulate the MCS‐Associated Precipitation Over the Central United States?

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, December 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Jiwen Fan Fan, Dr. William I Gustafson

  24. Irrigation Impact on Water and Energy Cycle During Dry Years Over the United States Using Convection‐Permitting WRF and a Dynamical Recycling Model

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, November 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  25. Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Large-Scale Environments of Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Rocky Mountains

    Article • Journal of Climate, November 2019, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  26. Reconciling Differences Between Large‐Eddy Simulations and Doppler Lidar Observations of Continental Shallow Cumulus Cloud‐Base Vertical Velocity

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  27. Long-Term Retrievals of Cloud Type and Fair-Weather Shallow Cumulus Events at the ARM SGP Site

    Article • Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, October 2019, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  28. Shallow Cumulus in WRF Parameterizations Evaluated against LASSO Large-Eddy Simulations

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, December 2018, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  29. CAUSES: Attribution of Surface Radiation Biases in NWP and Climate Models near the U.S. Southern Great Plains

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, April 2018, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Chengzhu Zhang, Dr. William I Gustafson

  30. CAUSES: On the Role of Surface Energy Budget Errors to the Warm Surface Air Temperature Error Over the Central United States

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, March 2018, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  31. Introduction to CAUSES: Description of Weather and Climate Models and Their Near‐Surface Temperature Errors in 5 day Hindcasts Near the Southern Great Plains

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, March 2018, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  32. Assessing the Resolution Adaptability of the Zhang-McFarlane Cumulus Parameterization With Spatial and Temporal Averaging

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, November 2017, Wiley

    Dr. William I Gustafson, Jiwen Fan Fan

  33. Estimation of cloud fraction profile in shallow convection using a scanning cloud radar

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2016, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  34. Outcomes from the DOE Workshop on Turbulent Flow Simulation at the Exascale

    Article • June 2016, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  35. Spectral characteristics of background error covariance and multiscale data assimilation

    Article • International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, May 2016, Wiley

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  36. Modifications to WRF's dynamical core to improve the treatment of moisture for large-eddy simulations

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, October 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  37. Evaluation of tropical channel refinement using MPAS-A aquaplanet simulations

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, September 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  38. Roles of wind shear at different vertical levels: Cloud system organization and properties

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, July 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson, Jiwen Fan Fan

  39. How does increasing horizontal resolution in a global climate model improve the simulation of aerosol-cloud interactions?

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, June 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  40. Resolution‐dependent behavior of subgrid‐scale vertical transport in the Z hang‐ M c F arlane convection parameterization

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, April 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  41. Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", January 2015, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Scott N Spak, Dr. William I Gustafson

  42. Precipitation characteristics of CAM5 physics at mesoscale resolution during MC3E and the impact of convective timescale choice

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, December 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  43. Impact of resolution on simulation of closed mesoscale cellular convection identified by dynamically guided watershed segmentation

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, November 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  44. Assessing the CAM5 physics suite in the WRF-Chem model: implementation, resolution sensitivity, and a first evaluation for a regional case study

    Article • Geoscientific Model Development, May 2014, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  45. Impact of subgrid-scale radiative heating variability on the stratocumulus-to-trade cumulus transition in climate models

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, April 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  46. The Separate Physics and Dynamics Experiment (SPADE) framework for determining resolution awareness: A case study of microphysics

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, August 2013, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  47. Untangling dynamical and microphysical controls for the structure of stratocumulus

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, August 2013, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  48. Eddy fluxes and sensitivity of the water cycle to spatial resolution in idealized regional aquaplanet model simulations

    Article • Climate Dynamics, June 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  49. Modeling aerosols and their interactions with shallow cumuli during the 2007 CHAPS field study

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, February 2013, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  50. Evaluation of a Modified Scheme for Shallow Convection: Implementation of CuP and Case Studies

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, January 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  51. Implementing the data center energy productivity metric

    Article • ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems, October 2012, ACM (Association for Computing Machinery)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  52. Impact of natural and anthropogenic aerosols on stratocumulus and precipitation in the Southeast Pacific: a regional modelling study using WRF-Chem

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", September 2012, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  53. Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES)

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", August 2012, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson, Robert Banta

  54. Generalized approach for using unbiased symmetric metrics with negative values: normalized mean bias factor and normalized mean absolute error factor

    Article • Atmospheric Science Letters, July 2012, Wiley

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  55. Evaluation of regional climate simulations over the Great Lakes region driven by three global data sets

    Article • Journal of Great Lakes Research, June 2012, Elsevier

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  56. Transport and mixing patterns over Central California during the carbonaceous aerosol and radiative effects study (CARES)

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", February 2012, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  57. Assessing regional scale predictions of aerosols, marine stratocumulus, and their interactions during VOCALS-REx using WRF-Chem

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", December 2011, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Scott N Spak, Dr. William I Gustafson

  58. NOxEmission Reduction and its Effects on Ozone during the 2008 Olympic Games

    Article • Environmental Science & Technology, August 2011, American Chemical Society (ACS)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  59. Downscaling aerosols and the impact of neglected subgrid processes on direct aerosol radiative forcing for a representative global climate model grid spacing

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, July 2011, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  60. Modeling organic aerosols in a megacity: comparison of simple and complex representations of the volatility basis set approach

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", July 2011, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  61. The multi-scale aerosol-climate model PNNL-MMF: model description and evaluation

    Article • Geoscientific Model Development, March 2011, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  62. The Aerosol Modeling Testbed: A Community Tool to Objectively Evaluate Aerosol Process Modules

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, March 2011, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  63. The spatial distribution of mineral dust and its shortwave radiative forcing over North Africa: modeling sensitivities to dust emissions and aerosol size treatments

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", September 2010, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  64. An investigation of the sub-grid variability of trace gases and aerosols for global climate modeling

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", July 2010, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  65. A Preliminary Synthesis of Modeled Climate Change Impacts on U.S. Regional Ozone Concentrations

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, December 2009, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  66. The Madden–Julian oscillation wind-convection coupling and the role of moisture processes in the MM5 model

    Article • Climate Dynamics, July 2009, Springer Science + Business Media

    Erwan Monier, Dr. William I Gustafson

  67. The effects of aerosols on intense convective precipitation in the northeastern United States

    Article • Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, July 2009, Wiley

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  68. Effects of soot-induced snow albedo change on snowpack and hydrological cycle in western United States based on Weather Research and Forecasting chemistry and regional climate simulations

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, February 2009, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  69. Coupling aerosol-cloud-radiative processes in the WRF-Chem model: Investigating the radiative impact of elevated point sources

    Article • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics", February 2009, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  70. Impacts of regional climate change on biogenic emissions and air quality

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, September 2008, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  71. The Explicit-Cloud Parameterized-Pollutant hybrid approach for aerosol–cloud interactions in multiscale modeling framework models: tracer transport results

    Article • Environmental Research Letters, April 2008, Institute of Physics Publishing

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  72. Impact on modeled cloud characteristics due to simplified treatment of uniform cloud condensation nuclei during NEAQS 2004

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2007, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  73. Regional Downscaling for Air Quality Assessment

    Article • Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, August 2007, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  74. Evolution of ozone, particulates, and aerosol direct radiative forcing in the vicinity of Houston using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry-aerosol model

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, November 2006, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  75. Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S. air quality

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2005, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  76. MM5 Modeling of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans: Implications of 30–70-Day Boundary Effects on MJO Development

    Article • Journal of Climate, March 2004, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  77. MM5 Modeling of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Indian and West Pacific Oceans: Model Description and Control Run Results

    Article • Journal of Climate, March 2004, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson

  78. Coupling between the University of California, Davis, Advanced Canopy–Atmosphere–Soil Algorithm (ACASA) and MM5: Preliminary Results for July 1998 for Western North America

    Article • Journal of Applied Meteorology, May 2003, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. William I Gustafson