All Stories

  1. Biographical Feature: Raymond M. Welsh, Jr. (1945–2024)—a life in viral immunology, immune regulation, and scientific mentorship

    Article • Journal of Virology, June 2026, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  2. A More Rapid Method for Culturing LUHMES-Derived Neurons Provides Greater Cell Numbers and Facilitates Studies of Multiple Viruses

    Article • Viruses, July 2025, MDPI AG

    Steven Varga

  3. Respiratory syncytial virus infection provides protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge

    Article • Journal of Virology, September 2024, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  4. Cutting Edge: Influenza-Induced CD11alo Airway CD103+ Tissue Resident Memory T Cells Exhibit Compromised IFN-γ Production after In Vivo TCR Stimulation

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, March 2023, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  5. Respiratory viruses and the inflammasome: The double-edged sword of inflammation

    Article • PLoS Pathogens, December 2022, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  6. Long-Lasting Protection Induced by a Polyanhydride Nanovaccine against Respiratory Syncytial Virus in an Outbred Mouse Model

    Article • Journal of Virology, October 2022, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  7. Use of compressed sensing to expedite high-throughput diagnostic testing for COVID-19 and beyond

    Article • PLoS Computational Biology, October 2022, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  8. Influenza-Induced CD103+ T Resident Memory Cells Exhibit Enhanced Functional Avidity over CD103− Memory T Cells in the Mediastinal Lymph Node

    Article • ImmunoHorizons, October 2022, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  9. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Provides Protection against a Subsequent Influenza A Virus Infection

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, January 2022, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  10. Protective function and durability of mouse lymph node-resident memory CD8+ T cells

    Article • eLife, June 2021, eLife

    Steven Varga

  11. American Association of Immunologists Recommendations for an Undergraduate Course in Immunology

    Article • ImmunoHorizons, June 2021, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  12. Considerations for a Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Targeting an Elderly Population

    Article • Vaccines, June 2021, MDPI AG

    Steven Varga

  13. Prefusion F–Based Polyanhydride Nanovaccine Induces Both Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity Resulting in Long-Lasting Protection against Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, April 2021, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  14. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Lungs Protect against Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Article • ImmunoHorizons, February 2021, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  15. Nanoparticle vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus

    Article • Future Virology, November 2020, Future Medicine

    Steven Varga

  16. Cytokines and CD8 T cell immunity during respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • Cytokine, September 2020, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  17. Current Insights in the Development of Efficacious Vaccines Against RSV

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, July 2020, Frontiers

    Steven Varga

  18. Frontline Science: CD40 signaling restricts RNA virus replication in Mϕs, leading to rapid innate immune control of acute virus infection

    Article • Journal of Leukocyte Biology, May 2020, Wiley

    Steven Varga

  19. Function and Modulation of Type I Interferons during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Article • Vaccines, April 2020, MDPI AG

    Steven Varga

  20. Airway Surface Liquid Has Innate Antiviral Activity That Is Reduced in Cystic Fibrosis

    Article • American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, January 2020, American Thoracic Society

    Prof. Ultan F Power, Steven Varga

  21. Pre-existing neutralizing antibodies prevent CD8 T cell-mediated immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • Mucosal Immunology, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  22. Vaccination with a Single-Cycle Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective in Mice

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, April 2019, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  23. Editorial: Orchestration of an Immune Response to Respiratory Pathogens

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, April 2019, Frontiers

    Steven Varga

  24. Identification of Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Epitopes in C57BL/6 Mice

    Article • ImmunoHorizons, January 2019, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  25. The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections

    Article • Frontiers in Immunology, April 2018, Frontiers

    Steven Varga

  26. Memory CD8 T cells mediate severe immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • PLoS Pathogens, January 2018, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  27. Host genetics play a critical role in controlling CD8 T cell function and lethal immunopathology during chronic viral infection

    Article • PLoS Pathogens, July 2017, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  28. Sirolimus alters lung pathology and viral load following influenza A virus infection

    Article • July 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  29. CD11a and CD49d enhance the detection of antigen-specific T cells following human vaccination

    Article • Vaccine, July 2017, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  30. The transcription factor Runx3 guards cytotoxic CD8+ effector T cells against deviation towards follicular helper T cell lineage

    Article • Nature Immunology, June 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  31. Modulation of the host immune response by respiratory syncytial virus proteins

    Article • The Journal of Microbiology, February 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  32. Dynamics of influenza-induced lung-resident memory T cells underlie waning heterosubtypic immunity

    Article • Science Immunology, January 2017, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Steven Varga

  33. Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae protects human airway epithelial cells from a subsequent respiratory syncytial virus challenge

    Article • Virology, November 2016, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  34. Altered Treg and cytokine responses in RSV-infected infants

    Article • Pediatric Research, June 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  35. Evaluation of the Adaptive Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  36. Viral manipulation of the host immune response

    Article • Current Opinion in Immunology, October 2015, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  37. Inflammatory IL-15 is required for optimal memory T cell responses

    Article • Journal of Clinical Investigation, August 2015, American Society for Clinical Investigation

    Steven Varga

  38. CD8 T-cell response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • Future Virology, June 2015, Future Medicine

    Steven Varga

  39. RSV Vaccine-Enhanced Disease Is Orchestrated by the Combined Actions of Distinct CD4 T Cell Subsets

    Article • PLoS Pathogens, March 2015, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  40. Potential of Antibody Therapy for Respiratory Virus Infections

    Article • June 2014, Taylor & Francis

    Steven Varga

  41. The Pulmonary Localization of Virus-Specific T Lymphocytes Is Governed by the Tissue Tropism of Infection

    Article • Journal of Virology, June 2014, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  42. Mucosal vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus

    Article • Current Opinion in Virology, June 2014, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  43. The CD4 T cell response to respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • Immunologic Research, May 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  44. Limitations of Foxp3+ Treg depletion following viral infection in DEREG mice

    Article • Journal of Immunological Methods, April 2014, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  45. Respiratory syncytial virus increases lung cellular bioenergetics in neonatal C57BL/6 mice

    Article • Virology, April 2014, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  46. Depletion of Alveolar Macrophages Ameliorates Virus-Induced Disease following a Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection

    Article • PLOS One, March 2014, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  47. The Relationship Between Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Asthma

    Article • Veterinary Pathology, February 2014, SAGE Publications

    Steven Varga

  48. Determining the Breadth of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific T Cell Response

    Article • Journal of Virology, December 2013, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  49. Effects of Formalin-Inactivated Respiratory Syncytial Virus (FI-RSV) in the Perinatal Lamb Model of RSV

    Article • PLOS One, December 2013, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  50. Cellular bioenergetics, caspase activity and glutathione in murine lungs infected with influenza A virus

    Article • Virology, November 2013, Elsevier

    Steven Varga, Abdul-Kader Souid

  51. Aged Mice Exhibit a Severely Diminished CD8 T Cell Response following Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Article • Journal of Virology, September 2013, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  52. Bioenergetics of murine lungs infected with respiratory syncytial virus

    Article • Virology Journal, January 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  53. Lung tissue bioenergetics and caspase activity in rodents

    Article • BMC Research Notes, January 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  54. The Adaptive Immune Response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Article • January 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  55. NOX2 Protects against Prolonged Inflammation, Lung Injury, and Mortality following Systemic Insults

    Article • Journal of Innate Immunity, January 2013, Karger Publishers

    Steven Varga

  56. Transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the lung requires TREM-1

    Article • Journal of Clinical Investigation, December 2012, American Society for Clinical Investigation

    Steven Varga

  57. The Initial Draining Lymph Node Primes the Bulk of the CD8 T Cell Response and Influences Memory T Cell Trafficking after a Systemic Viral Infection

    Article • PLoS Pathogens, December 2012, PLOS

    Steven Varga

  58. Correction: Quantifying Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells during a Viral Infection: CD4 T Cell Responses Are Larger Than We Think

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, March 2012, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  59. Quantifying Antigen-Specific CD4 T Cells during a Viral Infection: CD4 T Cell Responses Are Larger Than We Think

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, October 2011, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  60. Multiple CD4+T Cell Subsets Produce Immunomodulatory IL-10 During Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, August 2011, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  61. Central role of dendritic cells in shaping the adaptive immune response during respiratory syncytial virus infection

    Article • Future Virology, August 2011, Future Medicine

    Steven Varga

  62. Foxp3+ CD4 Regulatory T Cells Limit Pulmonary Immunopathology by Modulating the CD8 T Cell Response during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, July 2010, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  63. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Limits α Subunit of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2α) Phosphorylation to Maintain Translation and Viral Replication

    Article • Journal of Biological Chemistry, July 2010, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  64. T Cell Epitope Specificity and Pathogenesis of Mouse Hepatitis Virus-1–Induced Disease in Susceptible and Resistant Hosts

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, June 2010, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  65. Editorial: CD8 T cells cut back on calcium intake in the lungs

    Article • Journal of Leukocyte Biology, June 2010, Wiley

    Steven Varga

  66. Effects of aging on the adaptive immune response to respiratory virus infections

    Article • Aging Health, December 2009, Future Medicine

    Steven Varga

  67. Cigarette Smoke Alters Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Induced Apoptosis and Replication

    Article • American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, August 2009, American Thoracic Society

    Steven Varga

  68. Human respiratory syncytial virus A2 strain replicates and induces innate immune responses by respiratory epithelia of neonatal lambs

    Article • International Journal of Experimental Pathology, July 2009, Wiley

    Steven Varga

  69. Protective and Pathologic Roles of the Immune Response to Mouse Hepatitis Virus Type 1: Implications for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

    Article • Journal of Virology, July 2009, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  70. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Deficiency Increases Disease and Mortality after Mouse Hepatitis Virus Type 1 Infection of Susceptible C3H Mice

    Article • Journal of Virology, June 2009, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  71. RSV Uses EGFR for Viral Replication.

    Article • April 2009, American Thoracic Society

    Steven Varga

  72. Fas Ligand Is Required for the Development of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine-Enhanced Disease

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, February 2009, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  73. Comparison of Histochemical Methods for Murine Eosinophil Detection in an RSV Vaccine-enhanced Inflammation Model

    Article • Toxicologic Pathology, February 2009, SAGE Publications

    Steven Varga

  74. Fixing a failed vaccine

    Article • Nature Medicine, January 2009, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  75. The Number of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Specific Memory CD8 T Cells in the Lung Is Critical for Their Ability to Inhibit RSV Vaccine-Enhanced Pulmonary Eosinophilia

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, November 2008, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  76. Cutting Edge: Eosinophils Do Not Contribute to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine-Enhanced Disease

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, November 2008, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  77. Pulmonary immunity and immunopathology: lessons from respiratory syncytial virus

    Article • Expert Review of Vaccines, October 2008, Taylor & Francis

    Steven Varga

  78. Overcoming T-cell-mediated immunopathology to achieve safe respiratory syncytial virus vaccination

    Article • Future Virology, September 2008, Future Medicine

    Steven Varga

  79. Regulation of Cytokine Production by Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells in the Lungs

    Article • Journal of Virology, June 2008, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  80. Proliferative Expansion and Acquisition of Effector Activity by Memory CD4+T Cells in the Lungs following Pulmonary Virus Infection

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, February 2008, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  81. IL-13 Is Required for Eosinophil Entry into the Lung during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine-Enhanced Disease

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, February 2008, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  82. Differential Role of Gamma Interferon in Inhibiting Pulmonary Eosinophilia and Exacerbating Systemic Disease in Fusion Protein-Immunized Mice Undergoing Challenge Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus

    Article • Journal of Virology, December 2007, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  83. CD8 T Cells Inhibit Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine-Enhanced Disease

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, October 2007, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  84. Corrigendum to “Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 2 specifically inhibits type I interferon signal transduction” [Virology 344 (2006) 328–339]

    Article • Virology, September 2007, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  85. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Decreases p53 Protein to Prolong Survival of Airway Epithelial Cells

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, August 2007, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  86. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Synergizes with Th2 Cytokines to Induce Optimal Levels of TARC/CCL17

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, July 2007, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  87. Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine-enhanced disease

    Article • Immunologic Research, June 2007, Springer Science + Business Media

    Steven Varga

  88. Respiratory syncytial virus nonstructural protein 2 specifically inhibits type I interferon signal transduction

    Article • Virology, January 2006, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  89. 780. Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Gene Expression and Replication by 27mer Dicer Substrate siRNAs

    Article • Molecular Therapy, January 2006, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  90. In Vivo Generation of Pathogen-Specific Th1 Cells in the Absence of the IFN-γ Receptor

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, August 2005, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  91. Vβ14+ T Cells Mediate the Vaccine-Enhanced Disease Induced by Immunization with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Glycoprotein but Not with Formalin-Inactivated RSV

    Article • Journal of Virology, August 2004, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  92. RSV-Induced Immunopathology: Dynamic Interplay between the Virus and Host Immune Response

    Article • Virology, April 2002, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  93. Sensitive detection and quantitation of mouse eosinophils in tissues using an enzymatic eosinophil peroxidase assay: its use to rapidly measure pulmonary eosinophilia during experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection of mice

    Article • Journal of Immunological Methods, April 2002, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  94. Immunopathology in RSV Infection Is Mediated by a Discrete Oligoclonal Subset of Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells

    Article • Immunity, October 2001, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  95. Independent Regulation of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Specific T Cell Memory Pools: Relative Stability of CD4 Memory Under Conditions of CD8 Memory T Cell Loss

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, February 2001, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  96. The Attachment (G) Glycoprotein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Contains a Single Immunodominant Epitope That Elicits Both Th1 and Th2 CD4+T Cell Responses

    Article • The Journal of Immunology, December 2000, The American Association of Immunologists

    Steven Varga

  97. High Frequency of Virus-Specific Interleukin-2-Producing CD4+ T Cells and Th1 Dominance during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection

    Article • Journal of Virology, May 2000, ASM Journals

    Steven Varga

  98. Attrition of T Cell Memory

    Article • Immunity, December 1999, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  99. Protective Heterologous Antiviral Immunity and Enhanced Immunopathogenesis Mediated by Memory T Cell Populations

    Article • Journal of Experimental Medicine, November 1998, Rockefeller University Press

    Steven Varga

  100. αβ and γδ T‐cell networks and their roles in natural resistance to viral infections

    Article • Immunological Reviews, October 1997, Wiley

    Steven Varga

  101. Lymphocyte-dependent ‘natural’ immunity to virus infections mediated by both natural killer cells and memory T cells

    Article • Seminars in Virology, April 1996, Elsevier

    Steven Varga

  102. The CD45RB-Associated Epitope Defined by Monoclonal Antibody CZ-1 Is an Activation and Memory Marker for Mouse CD4 T Cells

    Article • Cellular Immunology, January 1996, Elsevier

    Steven Varga