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  1. Ultrasound image guided injection of botulinum toxin for the management of spasticity: an implementation case study for practice recommendations and a governance framework

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, March 2026, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  2. Quality of life assessment using the Leg Activity Measure in ambulatory patients with leg spasticity: Findings from a longitudinal, observational study evaluating the effectiveness of abobotulinumtoxinA in routine practice

    Article • Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, March 2026, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  3. Longitudinal, Multi-Cycle Evaluation of Passive Function Improvement in People with Arm Spasticity Treated with Botulinum Toxin A

    Article • Toxins, January 2026, MDPI AG

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  4. Correction: Development of a core outcome set for the assessment of spasticity in adults: a study protocol

    Article • Trials, January 2026, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  5. Achieving treatment goals with repeated injections of botulinum toxin in adults with leg spasticity

    Article • Current Medical Research and Opinion, December 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  6. Interplay between mobility, social participation, and symptom burden in advanced lung cancer

    Article • Supportive Care in Cancer, December 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  7. Development of a core outcome set for the assessment of spasticity in adults: a study protocol

    Article • Trials, December 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  8. Improving physiotherapists’ reasoning for planning rehabilitative treatment: A second-phase pilot study of a teaching intervention designed to promote uptake of the Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) in an acute rehabilitation hospital

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, November 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  9. Functional goals and outcomes of rehabilitation within palliative care: a multicentre prospective cohort study

    Article • BMC Palliative Care, July 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  10. Meta-Analysis of Goal Setting and Physical Treatment Categorisation for Focal Spasticity Following Stroke or Other Acquired Brain Injury

    Article • Advances in Rehabilitation Science and Practice, June 2025, SAGE Publications

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  11. Understanding development of contractures in people with stroke: formulation of a logic-model to inform care and prevention

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, March 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  12. Pain Reduction with Repeated Injections of Botulinum Toxin A in Upper Limb Spasticity: A Longitudinal Analysis from the ULIS-III Study

    Article • Toxins, March 2025, MDPI AG

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  13. Muscle selection and dosing in patients undergoing treatment with abobotulinumtoxinA for lower limb spasticity in real-world practice

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, February 2025, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  14. A concise practical clinical guide to identifying spasticity in neurological shoulder dysfunction

    Article • Frontiers in Neurology, January 2025, Frontiers

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  15. Implementing a physiotherapy-led prehabilitation service and improving inpatient rehabilitation for people with complex colorectal cancer: a service evaluation project

    Article • International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, November 2024, Mark Allen Group

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  16. Predictors of real-world response in adults treated with botulinumtoxin-A for upper limb spasticity

    Article • Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, April 2024, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  17. Predictors of increasing disability in activities of daily living among people with advanced respiratory disease: a multi-site prospective cohort study, England UK

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, December 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  18. Clinical presentation of patients with lower limb spasticity undergoing routine treatment with botulinum toxin: baseline findings from an international observational study

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, October 2023, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  19. Ultrasound image guided injection of botulinum toxin for the management of spasticity: A Delphi study to develop recommendations for a scope of practice, competency, and a governance framework.

    Article • Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation, September 2023, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  20. Patient research priority setting partnership in human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type I

    Article • Health Expectations, August 2023, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  21. Ankle contracture in people with acquired brain injury (ABI), intervention, and outcome following inpatient neurorehabilitation categorized by severity

    Article • Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, March 2023, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  22. Worldwide Survey of Clinician Practice on use of Adjunctive Therapies Following Botulinum Toxin Injection for Spasticity

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, July 2022, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  23. “I wanna live and not think about the future” what place for advance care planning for people living with severe multiple sclerosis and their families? A qualitative study

    Article • PLOS One, May 2022, PLOS

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  24. Prolonged disorders of consciousness: identification using the UK FIM + FAM and cohort analysis of outcomes from a UK national clinical database

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, February 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  25. Do randomised controlled trials evaluating functional outcomes following botulinum neurotoxin-A align with focal spasticity guidelines? A systematic review

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, January 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  26. The impact of spasticity and contractures on dependency and outcomes from rehabilitation

    Article • The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2022, Medknow

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  27. The spasticity-related quality of life 6-dimensions instrument in upper-limb spasticity: A first psychometric evaluation

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, November 2021, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  28. The spasticity-related quality of life 6-dimensions instrument in upper-limb spasticity: Development and responsiveness

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, November 2021, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  29. A consensus process to agree best practice for managing physical wellbeing in people with a prolonged disorder of consciousness

    Article • European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, November 2021, Edizioni Minerva Medica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  30. Stratified management of hemiplegic shoulder pain using an integrated care pathway: an 18-year clinical cohort analysis

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, July 2021, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  31. Investigating psychometric properties of the arm activity measure – Thai version (ArmA-TH) sub‐scales using the Rasch model

    Article • BMC Medical Research Methodology, March 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  32. Psychometric properties of measures of upper limb activity performance in adults with and without spasticity undergoing neurorehabilitation–A systematic review

    Article • PLOS One, February 2021, PLOS

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  33. Longitudinal goal attainment with integrated upper limb spasticity management including repeat injections of botulinum toxin A: Findings from the prospective, observational Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS-III) cohort study

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2021, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  34. Early Identification, Intervention and Management of Post-stroke Spasticity: Expert Consensus Recommendations

    Article • Journal of Central Nervous System Disease, January 2021, SAGE Publications

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  35. Assessing the effectiveness of upper-limb spasticity management using a structured approach to goal-setting and outcome measurement: First cycle results from the ULIS-III Study

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2021, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  36. A realist review of advance care planning for people with multiple sclerosis and their families

    Article • PLOS One, October 2020, PLOS

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  37. Disability in Basic Activities of Daily Living Is Associated With Symptom Burden in Older People With Advanced Cancer or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Secondary Data Analysis

    Article • Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, October 2020, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  38. Trajectories of disability in activities of daily living in advanced cancer or respiratory disease: a systematic review

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, September 2020, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  39. A synthesis and appraisal of clinical practice guidelines, consensus statements and Cochrane systematic reviews for the management of focal spasticity in adults and children

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, June 2020, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  40. The Leg Activity measure, a new measure of passive and active function and impact on quality of life; informing goal setting and outcome evaluation in leg spasticity

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, December 2019, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  41. Goal-setting and attainment in prolonged disorders of consciousness – development of a structured approach

    Article • Brain Injury, October 2019, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  42. Psychometric evaluation of the leg activity measure (LegA) for outcome measurement in people with brain injury and spasticity

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, July 2019, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  43. Preliminary evaluation of the reliability, validity and feasibility of the arm activity measure – Thai version (ArmA-TH) in cerebrovascular patients with upper limb hemiplegia

    Article • Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, July 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  44. Proceedings of SRR

    Article • Clinical Rehabilitation, July 2018, SAGE Publications

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  45. A comprehensive person-centered approach to adult spastic paresis: a consensus-based framework

    Article • European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, June 2018, Edizioni Minerva Medica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  46. Spasticity management with botulinum toxin: A comparison of UK physiotherapy and rehabilitation medicine injectors

    Article • International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, May 2018, Mark Allen Group

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  47. Categorisation of goals set using Goal Attainment Scaling for treatment of leg spasticity: a multicentre analysis

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, March 2018, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  48. Rasch analysis of the UK Functional Assessment Measure in patients with complex disability after stroke

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2018, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  49. Improving the management of post-stroke spasticity: Time for ACTION

    Article • January 2018, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  50. O-27 Rehabilitation provision across uk hospice services

    Article • November 2017, BMJ

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  51. Time to retreatment with botulinum toxin A in upper limb spasticity management: Initial data from the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS)-III study

    Article • Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, September 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  52. Poster 57: Time to Retreatment with Botulinum Toxin A in Upper Limb Spasticity Management: Initial Data from the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS)-III Study

    Article • PM&R, September 2017, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  53. Spasticity, what is the goal? Assessment, rehabilitation, and future perspectives

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, March 2017, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  54. Development of a measure of therapy provision for spasticity management in the paretic lower limb – the Leg Therapy recording Schedule (LegTS)

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, December 2016, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  55. Correlations between spasticity, goal attainment, and global assessment of benefits in patients with upper limb spasticity treated with botulinum toxin A

    Article • Toxicon, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  56. Integrated upper limb spasticity management including botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) on patient-centred goal attainment: Methodology for ULIS-III and initial goal-setting data

    Article • Toxicon, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  57. A comparison of goal selection and achievement according to patient sex in the upper limb international spasticity (ULIS)-Ii study

    Article • Toxicon, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  58. Relationship between abobotulinumtoxina injections into shoulder muscles and patient-centered primary goal selection and achievement: Subanalyses from the upper limb international spasticity (ULIS)-II study

    Article • Toxicon, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  59. A comparison of goal selection and achievement between botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) naïve and non-naïve patients in the upper limb international spasticity (ULIS)-II study

    Article • Toxicon, December 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  60. Validity, reliability and ease of use of the disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire in adults following stroke

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, October 2016, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  61. Poster 313 Relationship Between AbobotulinumtoxinA Injections into Shoulder Muscles and Patient Centred Primary Goal Selection and Achievement: Sub-Analyses from the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS)-II Study

    Article • PM&R, September 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  62. Poster 373-C Integrated Upper Limb Spasticity Management Including Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT-A) on Patient-Centered Goal Attainment: Methodology for ULIS-III and Initial Goal-Setting Data

    Article • PM&R, September 2016, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  63. Impact of integrated upper limb spasticity management including botulinum toxin A on patient-centred goal attainment: rationale and protocol for an international prospective, longitudinal cohort study (ULIS-III)

    Article • BMJ Open, June 2016, BMJ

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  64. Conceptualization and Development of the Leg Activity Measure (LegA) for Patient and Carer Reported Assessment of Activity in the Paretic Leg

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, February 2016, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  65. Common goal areas in the treatment of upper limb spasticity: a multicentre analysis

    Article • Clinical Rehabilitation, July 2015, SAGE Publications

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  66. A systematic review protocol to evaluate the psychometric properties of measures of function within adult neuro-rehabilitation

    Article • Systematic Reviews, June 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  67. Patient engagement and satisfaction with goal planning: Impact on outcome from rehabilitation

    Article • International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, May 2015, Mark Allen Group

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  68. Development of the leg activity measure (LEGA) for patient and care reported assessment of activity (function) in the paretic leg

    Article • Physiotherapy, May 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  69. Rasch measurement: the Arm Activity measure (ArmA) passive function sub-scale

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, April 2015, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  70. Serial measurement of Wessex Head Injury Matrix in the diagnosis of patients in vegetative and minimally conscious states: a cohort analysis

    Article • BMJ Open, April 2015, BMJ

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  71. Factors Influencing Goal Attainment in Patients with Post-Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity Following Treatment with Botulinum Toxin A in Real-Life Clinical Practice: Sub-Analyses from the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS)-II Study

    Article • Toxins, April 2015, MDPI AG

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  72. Goal setting, using goal attainment scaling, as a method to identify patient selected items for measuring arm function

    Article • Physiotherapy, March 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  73. 110. Factors influencing goal attainment in patients with poststroke upper limb spasticity following treatment with botulinum neurotoxin A in real-life clinical practice: subanalyses from the Upper Limb International Spasticity (ULIS)-II Study

    Article • Toxicon, January 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  74. Systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures for functional performance in the lower limb

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2015, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  75. Supplementary prescribing for spasticity management

    Article • Nurse Prescribing, September 2014, Mark Allen Group

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  76. Arm Activity measure (ArmA) application for recording functional gain following focal spasticity treatment

    Article • International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, January 2014, Mark Allen Group

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  77. Impact of soft-tissue-shortening on goal achievement in patients treated with botulinum-toxin a (BONT-A) for post-stroke upper-limb-spasticity (ULIS-2 study)

    Article • Journal of the Neurological Sciences, October 2013, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  78. Outcomes Related to Passive Function in a Cohort of Patients Treated With Botulinum Toxin A (Bont-A) for Post-Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity - ULIS II Study

    Article • PM&R, September 2013, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  79. New guidelines on rehabilitation likely to restrict practices and stifle innovation

    Article • BMJ, August 2013, BMJ

    Professor Stephen A Schuker, Dr Kathryn A Radford, Dr Stephen Ashford, Prof Roshan das Nair

  80. The Ageing Body - Body Functions and Structures: Part 1

    Article • June 2013, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  81. Systematic Review of Upper-limb Function Measurement Methods in Botulinum Toxin Intervention for Focal Spasticity

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, April 2013, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  82. Initial psychometric evaluation of the Arm Activity Measure (ArmA): a measure of activity in the hemiparetic arm

    Article • Clinical Rehabilitation, February 2013, SAGE Publications

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  83. Conceptualisation and development of the arm activity measure (ArmA) for assessment of activity in the hemiparetic arm

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, January 2013, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  84. Poster 14: Physical Therapy and Botulinum Toxin-A (BoNT-A)—The Temporal Relationship Between Spasticity Reduction and Functional Gain

    Article • PM&R, September 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  85. Poster 435: A UK Pilot for a Large International Prospective Cohort Analysis of the Use of Botulinum Toxin A (BoNT-A) in Upper Limb Spasticity

    Article • PM&R, September 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  86. Poster 19: Psychometric Evaluation of the Arm Activity Measure (ArmA)—A Measure of Active and Passive Function in the Hemiparetic Arm

    Article • PM&R, September 2010, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  87. Management of shoulder and proximal upper limb spasticity using botulinum toxin and concurrent therapy interventions: A preliminary analysis of goals and outcomes

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, January 2009, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  88. Evaluation of functional outcome measures for the hemiparetic upper limb: A systematic review

    Article • Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, January 2008, Acta Dermato-Venereologica

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  89. Serial injection of botulinum toxin for muscle imbalance due to regional spasticity in the upper limb

    Article • Disability and Rehabilitation, January 2007, Taylor & Francis

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  90. Goal attainment for spasticity management using botulinum toxin

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, January 2006, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  91. Why is the functional independence measure used to identify some rehabilitation needs in stroke survivors when there are better tools?

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, March 2005, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  92. Client Health Education and Empowerment through Physiotherapy in Neurorehabilitation

    Article • January 2005, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  93. Neurological Physiotherapy

    Article • Physiotherapy, May 2002, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  94. Serial Casting in New-born Infants for Correction of Soft Tissue Deformity Associated with Posterior Bowing of the Tibia

    Article • Physiotherapy, March 2002, Elsevier

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  95. Management of a patient diagnosed as PVS

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, August 2000, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford

  96. A comparison of the timing of muscle activity during sitting down compared to standing up

    Article • Physiotherapy Research International, June 2000, Wiley

    Dr Stephen Ashford