All Stories

  1. Dynamically Downscaled Future Projections of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Across Low to High Emissions Scenarios

    Article • January 2026, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  2. Supplementary material to "Dynamically Downscaled Future Projections of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Across Low to High Emissions Scenarios"

    Article • January 2026, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  3. Future shoaling of the AMOC and its impact on oceanic heat transport to the subpolar North Atlantic

    Article • September 2025, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  4. Wind control of the interannual ocean-biogeochemical variability in the South Atlantic Bight

    Article • August 2025, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  5. The longest-lasting 2023 western North American heat wave was fueled by the record-warm Atlantic Ocean

    Article • Nature Communications, July 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  6. Record Warmth and Unprecedented Drop in Equatorial Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures in 2024

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, June 2025, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  7. Atlantic Niño increases early-season tropical cyclone landfall risk in Korea and Japan

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, June 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  8. Projected increase in ENSO-induced US winter extreme hydroclimate events in SPEAR large ensemble simulation

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, March 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  9. A pause in the weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation since the early 2010s

    Article • Nature Communications, December 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  10. Projected increase in the frequency of extremely active Atlantic hurricane seasons

    Article • Science Advances, November 2024, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  11. Tropical eastern Pacific cooling trend reinforced by human activity

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, July 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  12. An unusually prolonged Pacific-North American pattern promoted the 2021 winter Quad-State Tornado Outbreaks

    Article • npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, June 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  13. Mississippi River Chemistry Impacts on the Interannual Variability of Aragonite Saturation State in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, February 2024, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  14. Modulation of Equatorial Currents and Tropical Instability Waves During the 2021 Atlantic Niño

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, December 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  15. On the Genesis of the 2021 Atlantic Niño

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, August 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  16. Present-day North Atlantic salinity constrains future warming of the Northern Hemisphere

    Article • Nature Climate Change, July 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  17. Antarctic Bottom Water Sensitivity to Spatio‐Temporal Variations in Antarctic Meltwater Fluxes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, June 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  18. Increase in Cape Verde hurricanes during Atlantic Niño

    Article • Nature Communications, June 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  19. RC4USCoast: a river chemistry dataset for regional ocean model applications in the US East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and US West Coast

    Article • Earth System Science Data, June 2023, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  20. Improved MJO Forecasts Using the Experimental Global‐Nested GFDL SHiELD Model

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, March 2023, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  21. Human-induced changes in the global meridional overturning circulation are emerging from the Southern Ocean

    Article • Communications Earth & Environment, March 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  22. RC4USCoast: A river chemistry dataset for regional ocean model applications in the U.S. East, Gulf of Mexico, and West Coasts

    Article • October 2022, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  23. Supplementary material to "RC4USCoast: A river chemistry dataset for regional ocean model applications in the U.S. East, Gulf of Mexico, and West Coasts"

    Article • October 2022, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  24. Antarctic sea-ice expansion and Southern Ocean cooling linked to tropical variability

    Article • Nature Climate Change, April 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  25. Projections of faster onset and slower decay of El Niño in the 21st century

    Article • Nature Communications, April 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  26. Java-Sumatra Niño/Niña and its impact on regional rainfall variability

    Article • Journal of Climate, March 2022, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  27. Seasonality of Interbasin SST Contributions to Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, February 2022, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  28. Increasing River Alkalinity Slows Ocean Acidification in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, December 2021, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  29. A Seasonal Probabilistic Outlook for Tornadoes (SPOTter) in the Contiguous United States Based on the Leading Patterns of Large-Scale Atmospheric Anomalies

    Article • Monthly Weather Review, April 2021, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  30. Cold‐Season Arctic Amplification Driven by Arctic Ocean‐Mediated Seasonal Energy Transfer

    Article • Earth s Future, January 2021, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  31. Interannual Variability of the South Atlantic Ocean Heat Content in a High‐Resolution Versus a Low‐Resolution General Circulation Model

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, November 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  32. Unprecedented reduction and quick recovery of the South Indian Ocean heat content and sea level in 2014–2018

    Article • Science Advances, September 2020, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Denis Volkov, Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  33. Madden–Julian Oscillation–Induced Suppression of Northeast Pacific Convection Increases U.S. Tornadogenesis

    Article • Journal of Climate, June 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  34. What Caused the Large‐Scale Heat Deficit in the Subtropical South Atlantic Ocean During 2009–2012?

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, May 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  35. On the role of Pacific ‐ Atlantic SST contrast and associated Caribbean Sea Convection in August‐October U.S. regional rainfall variability

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, May 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  36. On the Spatiotemporal Diversity of Atlantic Niño and Associated Rainfall Variability Over West Africa and South America

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, April 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  37. Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean biogeochemical model

    Article • Biogeosciences, March 2020, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  38. Pantropical response to global warming and the emergence of a La Niña‐like mean state trend

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2020, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  39. Pacific control of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation - El Niño relationship in the Community Earth System Model - Large Ensemble Simulation

    Article • Journal of Climate, January 2020, American Meteorological Society

    Dr. Marlos Goes, Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  40. Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean-biogeochemical model

    Article • November 2019, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  41. Supplementary material to "Seasonal patterns of surface inorganic carbon system variables in the Gulf of Mexico inferred from a regional high-resolution ocean-biogeochemical model"

    Article • November 2019, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  42. Interannual sea level variability along the southeastern seaboard of the United States in relation to the gyre-scale heat divergence in the North Atlantic

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, June 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr. Marlos Goes, Dr Sang-Ki Lee, Denis Volkov

  43. East Asian Monsoon as a modulator of U.S. Great Plains Heat Waves

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, May 2019, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  44. ENSO-induced co-variability of Salinity, Plankton Biomass and Coastal Currents in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

    Article • Scientific Reports, January 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  45. Global meridional overturning circulation revisited

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, December 2018, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee, Dr. Marlos Goes

  46. Seasonal patterns in phytoplankton biomass across the northern and deep Gulf of Mexico: a numerical model study

    Article • Biogeosciences, June 2018, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  47. Early emergence of anthropogenically forced heat waves in the western United States and Great Lakes

    Article • Nature Climate Change, March 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  48. On the Fragile Relationship Between El Niño and California Rainfall

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2018, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  49. Seasonal Patterns in Phytoplankton Biomass across the Northern and Deep Gulf of Mexico: A Numerical Model Study

    Article • Biogeosciences Discussions, November 2017, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  50. Seasonal Patterns in Phytoplankton Biomass across the Northern and Deep Gulf of Mexico: A Numerical Model Study

    Article • November 2017, Copernicus GmbH

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  51. Impact of Assimilating Underwater Glider Data on Hurricane Gonzalo (2014) Forecasts

    Article • Weather and Forecasting, June 2017, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  52. Contrasting sea-ice trends around West Antarctica

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, May 2017, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee, Denis Volkov

  53. Decade‐long deep‐ocean warming detected in the subtropical South Pacific

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2017, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee, Denis Volkov

  54. Projections of future habitat use by Atlantic bluefin tuna: mechanistic vs. correlative distribution models

    Article • ICES Journal of Marine Science, December 2016, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  55. Remote influence of Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation variability

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, August 2016, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee, Dr Hosmay Lopez

  56. US regional tornado outbreaks and their links to spring ENSO phases and North Atlantic SST variability

    Article • Environmental Research Letters, April 2016, Institute of Physics Publishing

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  57. Decadal Modulations of Interhemispheric Global Atmospheric Circulations and Monsoons by the South Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

    Article • Journal of Climate, March 2016, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  58. Contributions of the atmosphere–land and ocean–sea ice model components to the tropical Atlantic SST bias in CESM1

    Article • Ocean Modelling, December 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  59. Changes in the relationship in the SST variability between the tropical Pacific and the North Pacific across the 1998/1999 regime shift

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, September 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  60. Upper ocean response to Hurricane Gonzalo (2014): Salinity effects revealed by targeted and sustained underwater glider observations

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, September 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  61. Potential impact of climate change on the Intra-Americas Sea: Part-1. A dynamic downscaling of the CMIP5 model projections

    Article • Journal of Marine Systems, August 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  62. Potential impact of climate change on the Intra-Americas Sea: Part 2. Implications for Atlantic bluefin tuna and skipjack tuna adult and larval habitats

    Article • Journal of Marine Systems, August 2015, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  63. Replicating the 1970s' Weddell Polynya using a coupled ocean-sea ice model with reanalysis surface flux fields

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, July 2015, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  64. Abrupt increase in Indian Ocean heat content during the warming hiatus

    Article • Nature Geoscience, May 2015, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  65. Downscaled projections of Caribbean coral bleaching that can inform conservation planning

    Article • Global Change Biology, April 2015, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  66. Spring persistence, transition and resurgence of El Nino

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, December 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  67. Remote effect of the model cold bias in the tropical North Atlantic on the warm bias in the tropical southeastern Pacific

    Article • Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, November 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  68. Inhomogeneous influence of the Atlantic warm pool on United States precipitation

    Article • Atmospheric Science Letters, August 2014, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  69. Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to rainfall in the continental U.S.

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, March 2014, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  70. A global perspective on CMIP5 climate model biases

    Article • Nature Climate Change, February 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  71. The Relationship of Weddell Polynya and Open-Ocean Deep Convection to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies

    Article • Journal of Physical Oceanography, February 2014, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  72. Interhemispheric Teleconnections from Tropical Heat Sources in Intermediate and Simple Models

    Article • Journal of Climate, January 2014, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  73. Potential role of Atlantic Warm Pool-induced freshwater forcing in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: ocean–sea ice model simulations

    Article • Climate Dynamics, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  74. What drives the southern subtropical anticyclones in austral winter?

    Article • Journal of Climate, December 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  75. Atlantic Warm Pool Variability in the CMIP5 Simulations

    Article • Journal of Climate, July 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  76. Mechanisms of aerosol‐forced AMOC variability in a state of the art climate model

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, April 2013, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  77. An optimal ENSO phase for U.S. tornado outbreaks

    Article • Journal of Climate, February 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  78. Response of Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity to Variability of the Atlantic Warm Pool

    Article • Journal of Climate, February 2013, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  79. Mean Climate Controls on the Simulated Response of ENSO to Increasing Greenhouse Gases

    Article • Journal of Climate, November 2012, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  80. Atlantic Warm-Pool Variability in the IPCC AR4 CGCM Simulations

    Article • Journal of Climate, August 2012, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  81. Multidecadal Covariability of North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature, African Dust, Sahel Rainfall, and Atlantic Hurricanes

    Article • Journal of Climate, August 2012, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  82. Impacts of non‐canonical El Niño patterns on Atlantic hurricane activity

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, July 2012, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  83. Significant reduction of the Loop Current in the 21st century and its impact on the Gulf of Mexico

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, May 2012, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  84. Impact of the Atlantic warm pool on United States landfalling hurricanes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, October 2011, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  85. What caused the significant increase in Atlantic ocean heat content since the mid-20th century?

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, September 2011, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  86. Predicting the effects of climate change on bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) spawning habitat in the Gulf of Mexico

    Article • ICES Journal of Marine Science, March 2011, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  87. Future Impact of Differential Interbasin Ocean Warming on Atlantic Hurricanes

    Article • Journal of Climate, February 2011, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  88. On the impact of central Pacific warming events on Atlantic tropical storm activity

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, September 2010, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  89. The record‐breaking cold temperatures during the winter of 2009/2010 in the Northern Hemisphere

    Article • Atmospheric Science Letters, July 2010, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  90. Delayed advective oscillation of the AMOC

    Article • Journal of Climate, March 2010, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  91. Interhemispheric Influence of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Southeastern Pacific

    Article • Journal of Climate, January 2010, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  92. Co‐variability of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, December 2009, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  93. Climate Response of the Equatorial Pacific to Global Warming

    Article • Journal of Climate, September 2009, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  94. A Simple Atmospheric Model of the Local and Teleconnection Responses to Tropical Heating Anomalies

    Article • Journal of Climate, January 2009, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  95. Reply to comment by Joseph J. Barsugli on “Global warming and United States landfalling hurricanes”

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2009, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  96. Why do some El Niños have no impact on tropical North Atlantic SST?

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, August 2008, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  97. Climate Response to Anomalously Large and Small Atlantic Warm Pools during the Summer

    Article • Journal of Climate, June 2008, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  98. Atlantic Warm Pool acting as a link between Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Atlantic tropical cyclone activity

    Article • Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, May 2008, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  99. Global warming and United States landfalling hurricanes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2008, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  100. Tropical Atlantic Decadal Oscillation and Its Potential Impact on the Equatorial Atmosphere–Ocean Dynamics: A Simple Model Study

    Article • Journal of Physical Oceanography, January 2008, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  101. Impact of the Atlantic Warm Pool on the Summer Climate of the Western Hemisphere

    Article • Journal of Climate, October 2007, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  102. What Drives the Seasonal Onset and Decay of the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool?

    Article • Journal of Climate, May 2007, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  103. Atlantic warm pool, Caribbean low-level jet, and their potential impact on Atlantic hurricanes

    Article • Geophysical Research Letters, January 2007, Wiley

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  104. How are large western hemisphere warm pools formed?

    Article • Progress In Oceanography, August 2006, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  105. Gabriel T. Csanady: Understanding the physics of the ocean

    Article • Progress In Oceanography, August 2006, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  106. Influences of the Atlantic Warm Pool on Western Hemisphere Summer Rainfall and Atlantic Hurricanes

    Article • Journal of Climate, June 2006, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  107. Ocean general circulation model sensitivity experiments on the annual cycle of Western Hemisphere Warm Pool

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, September 2005, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  108. The Heat Balance of the Western Hemisphere Warm Pool

    Article • Journal of Climate, July 2005, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  109. Assimilating 20 years of Atlantic XBT data into HYCOM: a first look

    Article • Ocean Modelling, January 2004, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  110. Slope Control in Western Boundary Currents

    Article • Journal of Physical Oceanography, November 2001, American Meteorological Society

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  111. On the structure of supercritical western boundary currents

    Article • Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, May 2001, Elsevier

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  112. Warm water formation and escape in the upper tropical Atlantic Ocean: 1. A literature review

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, December 1999, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  113. Warm water formation and escape in the upper tropical Atlantic Ocean: 2. A numerical model study

    Article • Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, December 1999, American Geophysical Union (AGU)

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee

  114. Instability waves in the Gulf Stream front and its thermocline layer

    Article • Journal of Marine Research, September 1994, Journal of Marine Research/Yale

    Dr Sang-Ki Lee