All Stories

  1. Potential future pathways towards better modelling of language evolution

    Article • Diachronica, May 2025, John Benjamins

    Professor Bridget Drinka, Professor Salikoko S Mufwene, Professor Claire Bowern, Simon Greenhill

  2. Ideology and facts on African American English

    Article • Pragmatics Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), July 2022, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  3. William J. Samarin

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, October 2020, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  4. Robert Chaudenson, 1937–2020

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, October 2020, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene, Dr Georges Daniel VERONIQUE

  5. Individuals, populations, and timespace

    Article • Language Ecology, June 2017, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene, cecile vigouroux

  6. Creoles and pidgins don’t have inadequate lexica

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, April 2015, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  7. Colonization, indigenization, and the differential evolution of English: Some ecological perspectives

    Article • World Englishes, February 2015, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  8. Pidgin and Creole Languages

    Article • January 2015, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  9. WHAT DWIGHT L. BOLINGER PROBABLY WOULD HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO EVOLUTIONARY LINGUISTICS

    Article • April 2014, World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  10. The case was never closed

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, February 2014, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  11. Iberian Imperialism and Language Evolution in Latin America

    Article • January 2014, University of Chicago Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  12. Language ecology, language evolution, and the actuation question

    Article • January 2014, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  13. The English origins of African American Vernacular English

    Article • January 2014, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  14. The Origins and the Evolution of Language

    Article • March 2013

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  15. Simplicity and Complexity in Creoles and Pidgins: What’s the Metric?

    Article • Journal of Language Contact, January 2013, Brill

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  16. The Emergence of Complexity in Language: An Evolutionary Perspective

    Article • January 2013, Springer Science + Business Media

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  17. Language as technology

    Article • January 2013, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  18. English as a lingua franca: myths and facts

    Article • Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, January 2012, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene, Dr Laura Centonze

  19. Namhee Lee, Lisa Mikesell, Anna Dina L. Joacquin, Andrea W. Mates, and John H. Schumann: The Interactional Instinct: The Evolution and Acquisition of Language.

    Article • Applied Linguistics, December 2011, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  20. An ecological account of language evolution! Way to go!

    Article • Physics of Life Reviews, October 2011, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  21. Transmission, acquisition, parameter-setting, reanalysis, and language change

    Article • Bilingualism Language and Cognition, April 2011, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  22. Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts

    Article • October 2010, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  23. SLA AND THE EMERGENCE OF CREOLES

    Article • Studies in Second Language Acquisition, June 2010, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  24. RESPONSE to Croft

    Article • World Englishes, June 2010, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  25. Language Evolution: Contact, Competition and Change by Salikoko S. Mufwene

    Article • World Englishes, June 2010, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  26. The ET Column: Globalization and the spread of English: what does it mean to be Anglophone?

    Article • English Today, February 2010, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  27. Creoles and creolization

    Article • January 2010, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  28. Building social cognitive models of language change

    Article • Trends in Cognitive Sciences, November 2009, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  29. Creoles and Pidgins

    Article • February 2009, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  30. Restructuring, hybridization, and complexity in language evolution

    Article • January 2009, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  31. The indigenization of English in North America

    Article • January 2009, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  32. Parsing the Evolution of Language

    Article • Science, April 2008, American Association for the Advancement of Science

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  33. Colonization, population contacts, and the emergence of new language varieties: A response to Peter Trudgill

    Article • Language in Society, March 2008, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  34. Comment 2

    Article • World Englishes, February 2008, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  35. Creoles and creolization

    Article • December 2007, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  36. McCawley’s legacy: a response to Pieter A.M. Seuren

    Article • Language Sciences, July 2007, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  37. Population Movements and Contacts in Language Evolution

    Article • Journal of Language Contact, January 2007, Brill

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  38. The sociolinguistic history of the Peranakans: What it tells us about 'creolization'

    Article • January 2007, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  39. The Comparability of New-Dialect Formation and Creole Development

    Article • World Englishes, February 2006, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  40. How Bantu is Kiyansi?

    Article • January 2006, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  41. Albert Valdman on the development of creoles

    Article • January 2006, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  42. What it Means When We Say 'Creole:' an Interview with Salikoko S. Mufwene

    Article • Callaloo, January 2005, Project Muse

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  43. Review of Kautzsch (2002): The Historical Evolution of Earlier African American English: An Empirical Comparison of Early Sources

    Article • English World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English, December 2004, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  44. Language Birth and Death

    Article • Annual Review of Anthropology, October 2004, Annual Reviews

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  45. Genetic linguistics and genetic creolistics

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, November 2003, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  46. Approaches to Change in American English

    Article • World Englishes, November 2003, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  47. Competition and Selection in the Development of American Englishes

    Article • World Englishes, November 2003, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  48. Creolization of Language and Culture

    Article • November 2002, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  49. Competition and Selection in Language Evolution

    Article • Selection, November 2002, Akademiai Kiado

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  50. Colonization, globalization and the plight of ‘weak’ languages

    Article • Journal of Linguistics, July 2002, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  51. Review of Corne (1999): From French to Creole: The development of new vernaculars in the French colonial world

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, April 2002, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  52. The Ecology of Language Evolution

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  53. Preface

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  54. Introduction

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  55. Conclusions: the big picture

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  56. Notes

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  57. The Founder Principle in the development of creoles

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  58. The legitimate and illegitimate offspring of English

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  59. The development of American Englishes: factoring contact in and the social bias out

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  60. What research on the development of creoles can contribute to genetic linguistics

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  61. Language contact, evolution, and death: how ecology rolls the dice

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  62. Past and recent population movements in Africa: their impact on its linguistic landscape

    Article • August 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  63. Peter L. Patrick,Urban Jamaican Creole: variation in the mesolect. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999. Pp. xx+329.

    Article • Journal of Linguistics, July 2001, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  64. 2. What is African American English?

    Article • January 2001, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  65. Creolization is a social, not a structural, process

    Article • January 2001, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  66. Pidgin and Creole Languages

    Article • January 2001, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  67. FROM GENETIC CREOLISTICS TO HISTORICAL DIALECTOLOGY: ECOLOGICAL AND POPULATION GENETICS PERSPECTIVES

    Article • American Speech, September 2000, Duke University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  68. La fonction et les formes réfléchies dans le mauricien et la haïtien

    Article • Langages, January 2000, PERSEE Program

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  69. Review of Fisiak (1995): Linguistic change under contact conditions

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, December 1999, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  70. Les créoles. L'état de notre savoir

    Article • Anthropologie et Sociétés, January 1999, Consortium Erudit

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  71. Accountability in Descriptions of Creoles

    Article • January 1999, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  72. Salikoko S. Mufwene

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1998, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  73. Review of Kouwenberg (1994): A grammar of Berbice Dutch Creole

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1998, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  74. What Research on Creole Genesis Can Contribute to Historical Linguistics

    Article • January 1998, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  75. Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction

    Article • Language, September 1997, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  76. Semantics and Experience: Universal Metaphors of Time in English, Mandarin, Hindi, and Sesotho

    Article • Language, September 1997, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  77. Introduction: Understanding Speech Continua

    Article • World Englishes, July 1997, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  78. The Ecology of Gullah's Survival

    Article • American Speech, January 1997, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  79. Kitúba

    Article • January 1997, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  80. Jargons, pidgins, creoles, and koines

    Article • January 1997, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  81. Creoles and creolization

    Article • May 1996, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  82. The Founder Principle in Creole Genesis

    Article • Diachronica, January 1996, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  83. Review of Glauser, Schneider & Görlach (1993): A new bibliography of writings on varieties of English 1984–1992/1993

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1996, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  84. Review of Plag (1993): Sentential complementation in Sranan: On the formation of an English-based creole language

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1996, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  85. The development of American Englishes

    Article • January 1996, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  86. Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties

    Article • Language, June 1995, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  87. Review of Sutcliffe & Figueroa (1992): System in Black language

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1995, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  88. A Reference on Gullah

    Article • American Speech, January 1995, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  89. SOUTH AFRICAN INDIAN ENGLISH

    Article • World Englishes, November 1994, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  90. The Other Tongue: English across Cultures

    Article • Language, June 1994, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  91. : The African Heritage of American English . Joseph E. Holloway, Winifred K. Vass.

    Article • American Anthropologist, June 1994, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  92. The Language Builder: An Essay on the Human Signature in Linguistic Morphogenesis

    Article • Language, June 1994, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  93. New Englishes and criteria for naming them

    Article • World Englishes, March 1994, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  94. Guy Hazaël-Massieux 10 April 1936 - 5 July 1993

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1994, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  95. Review of Bright (1991): International encyclopedia of linguistics

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1994, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  96. Review of Karras & McNeill (1992): Atlantic American societies: From Columbus through abolition 1492–1888

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1994, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  97. Review of Wolf (1992): New departures in linguistics

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1994, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  98. On the Status of Auxiliary Verbs in Gullah

    Article • American Speech, January 1994, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  99. English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives.:English around the World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives.

    Article • Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, December 1993, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  100. Topics in African Linguistics

    Article • October 1993, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  101. Pidgin-English du Cameroun: Description linguistique et sociolinguistique

    Article • Language, June 1993, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  102. Review of Hazaël-Massieux, Chaudenson, Robillard & Erudition (1991): Bibliographie des études créoles: Langues, cultures, sociétés

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1993, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  103. Scope of Negation and Focus in Gullah

    Article • January 1993, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  104. Acts of Meaning

    Article • Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, December 1992, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  105. Language Adaptation. FLORIAN COULMAS, ed

    Article • American Ethnologist, November 1992, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  106. Very useful, but with some dificiencies

    Article • English Today, October 1992, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  107. The Reviewer Responds

    Article • Diachronica, January 1992, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  108. Review of Todd (1990): Pidgins and creoles

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1992, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  109. Are There Possessive Pronouns in Atlantic Creoles?

    Article • January 1992, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  110. Why Grammars are Not Monolithic

    Article • January 1992, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  111. Pidgins and Creoles

    Article • Language, June 1991, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  112. Language Genesis and Human Evolution

    Article • Diachronica, January 1991, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  113. Some Reasons Why Gullah is not Dying Yet

    Article • English World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English, January 1991, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  114. Review of Chaudenson (1988): Créoles et enseignement du français. Français, créolisation, créoles et français marginaux: Problèmes d’apprentissage, d’enseignement des langues et d’aménagement linguistique dans les espaces créolophones

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1991, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  115. Pidgins and creoles: vol. 1, Theory and structure; vol. 2, Reference survey by John Holm

    Article • Language, January 1991, Project Muse

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  116. Pidgins, Creoles, Typology, and Markedness

    Article • January 1991, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  117. Is Gullah Decreolizing? A Comparison of a Speech Sample of the 1930s with a Sample of the 1980s

    Article • January 1991, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  118. La syntaxe des relatives en français

    Article • Language, September 1990, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  119. PIDGINS AND CREOLES

    Article • World Englishes, March 1990, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  120. Transfer and the Substrate Hypothesis in Creolistics

    Article • Studies in Second Language Acquisition, March 1990, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  121. Review of Thomason & Kaufman (1988): Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1990, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  122. Annotated bibliography of Southern American English. By James B. McMillan and Michael B. Montgomery

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1990, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  123. Introduction

    Article • Linguistics, January 1990, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  124. Creoles and universal grammar

    Article • Linguistics, January 1990, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  125. Time Reference in Kikongo-Kituba

    Article • January 1990, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  126. On the so-called ‘infinitive’ in Atlantic creoles

    Article • Lingua, April 1989, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  127. Some Explanations that Strike Me as Incomplete

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1989, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  128. Colonial, Hypermetropic, And Wishful Linguistics

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1989, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  129. Equivocal Structures in Some Gullah Complex Sentences

    Article • American Speech, January 1989, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  130. English pidgins: form and function

    Article • World Englishes, November 1988, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  131. Starting on the Wrong Foot

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1988, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  132. Why Study Pidgins and Creoles?

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1988, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  133. Formal Evidence of Pidginization/Creolization in Kituba

    Article • Journal of African Languages and Linguistics, January 1988, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  134. Dictionaries and Proper Names *

    Article • International Journal of Lexicography, January 1988, Oxford University Press (OUP)

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  135. The pragmatics of kinship terms in Kituba

    Article • Multilingua, January 1988, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  136. Language Variety in the South: Perspectives in Black and White. Edited by Michael B. Montgomery and Guy Bailey

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1987, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  137. Review of Cellier (1985): Comparaison syntaxique du Créole réunionnais et du Français

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1987, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  138. How African Is Gullah, and Why?

    Article • American Speech, January 1987, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  139. Restrictive Relativization in Gullah

    Article • Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, January 1986, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  140. Number Delimitation in Gullah

    Article • American Speech, January 1986, JSTOR

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  141. Kinship terms (and related honorifics): An issue in bilingual lexicography

    Article • Paper in Linguistics, January 1986, Taylor & Francis

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  142. Notes on durative constructions in Jamaican and Guyanese Creole

    Article • January 1986, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  143. The Universalist and Substrate Hypotheses Complement One Another

    Article • January 1986, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  144. Some bantu ways of talking: The case of kinship vocabularies

    Article • Language Sciences, October 1985, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  145. The linguistic significance of African proper names in Gullah

    Article • New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, January 1985, Brill

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  146. The language bioprogram hypothesis, creole studies, and linguistic theory

    Article • Behavioral and Brain Sciences, June 1984, Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  147. : Language, Society, and Paleoculture: Essays by Edgar C. Polome . Anwar S. Dil.

    Article • American Anthropologist, March 1984, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  148. The Manifold Obligations of the Dictionary to its Users

    Article • Dictionaries Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, January 1984, Project Muse

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  149. : New Englishes . John B. Pride.

    Article • American Anthropologist, June 1983, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  150. : Theory and Method in Lexicography: Western and Non-Western Perspectives . Ladislav Zgusta.

    Article • American Anthropologist, June 1983, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  151. Observations on Time Reference in Jamaican and Guyanese Creoles

    Article • English World-Wide A Journal of Varieties of English, January 1983, John Benjamins

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  152. Investigating what the words father and mother mean

    Article • Language & Communication, January 1983, Elsevier

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  153. : Generative Studies on Creole Languages . Pieter Muysken.

    Article • American Anthropologist, March 1982, Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  154. Number, countability and markedness in Lingala LI/-MA- noun class

    Article • Linguistics, January 1980, De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  155. Series editor's foreword

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  156. Gullah

    Article • De Gruyter

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  157. Pidgins and Creoles

    Article • Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  158. Multilingualism in Linguistic History: Creolization and Indigenization

    Article • Wiley

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  159. AFRICAN-AMERICAN ENGLISH

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene

  160. Driving forces in English contact linguistics

    Article • Cambridge University Press

    Professor Salikoko S Mufwene