All Stories

  1. Article
    Fast and slow ocean thermal, carbon and nutrient responses to atmospheric forcing
    Professor Richard G Williams
  2. Article
    Climate responses after net zero is reached
    Professor Richard G Williams
  3. Article
    The Role of Mesoscale Eddy Stirring and Microscale Turbulence in Sustaining Biological Production in the Subtropical Gyres
    Professor Richard G Williams
  4. Article
    Local versus far-field control on South Pacific Subantarctic mode water variability
    Professor Richard G Williams
  5. Article
    Climate Feedbacks Derived From Spatial Gradients in Recent Climatology
    Professor Richard G Williams
  6. Article
    Sources, Pathways, and Drivers of Sub‐Antarctic Mode Water Formation
    Professor Richard G Williams
  7. Article
    A normalised framework for the Zero Emissions Commitment
    Professor Richard G Williams
  8. Article
    North Atlantic Carbon Uptake and Variability: The Gulf Stream's Role in Air-Sea CO2 Flux and Storage
    Professor Richard G Williams
  9. Article
    A normalised framework for the Zero Emission Commitment: competing controls by thermal and carbon processes
    Professor Richard G Williams
  10. Article
    Understanding the Mechanisms Behind Zero Emissions Commitment (ZEC) at Different Warming Levels
    Professor Richard G Williams
  11. Article
    Contrasting fast and slow ocean carbon and thermal responses to the North Atlantic Oscillation
    Hemant KhatriProfessor Richard G Williams
  12. Article
    Reinforcing fast and slow carbon responses to atmospheric events in the subpolar North Atlantic 
    Professor Richard G Williams
  13. Article
    Role of Ocean Memory in Subpolar North Atlantic Decadal Variability
    Professor Richard G Williams
  14. Article
    Surface forcing controls on the volume and heat content of subtropical and subpolar mode waters over the global ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  15. Article
    Climate feedbacks derived from spatial gradients in recent climatology
    Professor Richard G Williams
  16. Article
    Local versus farfield control on South Pacific Subantarctic mode water variability
    Professor Richard G Williams
  17. Article
    Supplementary material to "Local versus farfield control on South Pacific Subantarctic mode water variability"
    Professor Richard G Williams
  18. Article
    An Ocean Memory Perspective: Disentangling Atmospheric Control of Decadal Variability in the North Atlantic Ocean
    Hemant KhatriProfessor Richard G Williams
  19. Article
    Climate feedbacks derived from theory and spatial contrasts in recent climatology
    Professor Richard G Williams
  20. Article
    An optimal transformation method applied to diagnose the ocean carbon budget
    Professor Richard G Williams
  21. Article
    Historical mismatch in Southern Ocean contribution to global heat and carbon uptake
    Professor Richard G Williams
  22. Article
    An optimal transformation method applied to diagnosing the ocean carbon sink
    Professor Richard G Williams
  23. Article
    Surface Heat Fluxes Drive a Two‐Phase Response in Southern Ocean Mode Water Stratification
    Professor Richard G Williams
  24. Article
    On the Arctic Amplification of surface warming in a conceptual climate model
    Professor Richard G Williams
  25. Article
    Climate feedbacks with latitude derived from climatological data and theory
    Professor Richard G Williams
  26. Article
    The role of the Southern Ocean in the global climate response to carbon emissions
    Professor Richard G Williams
  27. Article
    Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 Earth system models and synthetic Argo observations
    Professor Richard G Williams
  28. Article
    Energy budget diagnosis of changing climate feedback
    Professor Richard G Williams
  29. Article
    Lagrangian pathways for heat, carbon and nutrients subdction with sub-Antarctic mode waters
    Professor Richard G Williams
  30. Article
    Fast and slow ocean thermal responses to atmospheric forcing
    Hemant KhatriProfessor Richard G Williams
  31. Article
    Mechanisms Driving the Dispersal of Hydrothermal Iron From the Northern Mid Atlantic Ridge
    Professor Richard G Williams
  32. Article
    A nutrient relay sustains subtropical ocean productivity
    Mukund GuptaProfessor Richard G Williams
  33. Article
    Impact of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using an ensemble of Earth system model simulations
    Professor Richard G Williams
  34. Article
    Reconstructing ocean carbon storage with CMIP6 models and synthetic Argo observations
    Professor Richard G Williams
  35. Article
    Mechanisms driving the dispersal of hydrothermal iron from the northern Mid Atlantic Ridge
    Professor Richard G Williams
  36. Article
    Subtropical Contribution to Sub‐Antarctic Mode Waters
    Professor Richard G Williams
  37. Article
    Historical Reconstruction of Subpolar North Atlantic Overturning and Its Relationship to Density
    Professor Richard G Williams
  38. Article
    Reconstructing upper ocean carbon variability using ARGO profiles and CMIP6 models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  39. Article
    Identifying the drivers of Subantarctic mode water thickness across the south Pacific.
    Professor Richard G Williams
  40. Article
    Inter-annual Variability in the Subpolar Overturning Circulation: A Sensitivity Analysis
    Professor Richard G Williams
  41. Article
    Ventilation controls of ocean heat and carbon uptake: similarities and differences in the response to carbon emissions
    Professor Richard G Williams
  42. Article
    Subtropical contribution to Subantarctic Mode Waters
    Professor Richard G Williams
  43. Article
    Assessment of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using large ensemble Earth system model simulations
    Professor Richard G Williams
  44. Article
    Supplementary material to "Assessment of negative and positive CO2 emissions on global warming metrics using large ensemble Earth system model simulations"
    Professor Richard G Williams
  45. Article
    Observations of Nutrient Supply by Mesoscale Eddy Stirring and Small‐Scale Turbulence in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  46. Article
    Withdrawn: Observations of Nutrient Supply by Mesoscale Eddy Stirring and Diapycnal Mixing in the Oligotrophic North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  47. Article
    Ocean carbon cycle feedbacks in CMIP6 models: contributions from different basins
    Professor Richard G Williams
  48. Article
    Regional Asymmetries in Ocean Heat and Carbon Storage due to Dynamic Redistribution in Climate Model Projections
    Professor Richard G Williams
  49. Article
    How does heat flux affect potential vorticity in the Southern Ocean?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  50. Article
    Large ensemble assessment of how the global surface warming response to cumulative carbon differs for negative and positive carbon emissions  
    Professor Richard G Williams
  51. Article
    Added and redistributed heat and carbon in climate model projections for the Southern Ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  52. Article
    Controls of the TCRE in Earth system models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  53. Article
    Controls of ocean carbon cycle feedbacks from different ocean basins and meridional overturning in CMIP6
    Professor Richard G Williams
  54. Article
    Internal Tide‐Driven Tracer Transport Across the Continental Slope
    Professor Richard G Williams
  55. Article
    Carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models and their comparison to CMIP5 models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  56. Article
    Resource Availability and Entrainment Are Driven by Offsets Between Nutriclines and Winter Mixed‐Layer Depth
    Professor Richard G Williams
  57. Article
    Why do the latest climate models differ in how much surface warming increases with carbon emissions?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  58. Article
    Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  59. Article
    Controls of the Transient Climate Response to Emissions: effects of physical feedbacks, heat uptake and saturation of radiative forcing
    Professor Richard G Williams
  60. Article
    Sensitivity of climate mitigation signals to climate engineering choice and implementation
    Professor Richard G Williams
  61. Article
    Which Processes Sustain Biota in Open-Ocean Deep Chlorophyll Maxima?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  62. Article
    Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the zero emission commitment from CO2
    Professor Richard G Williams
  63. Article
    Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  64. Article
    Supplementary material to "Carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks in CMIP6 models, and their comparison to CMIP5 models"
    Professor Richard G Williams
  65. Article
    Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks Operating in the Climate System
    Professor Richard G Williams
  66. Article
    Internal Tides Drive Nutrient Fluxes Into the Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Over Mid‐ocean Ridges
    Professor Richard G Williams
  67. Article
    Climate sensitivity from both physical and carbon cycle feedbacks
    Professor Richard G Williams
  68. Article
    Overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  69. Article
    Connecting surface warming to carbon emissions - atmospheric and oceanic viewpoints
    Professor Richard G Williams
  70. Article
    How much time is left before we reach global warming targets of 1.5°C or 2°C?
    Professor Richard G WilliamsKudos Admin
  71. Article
    Sensitivity of global surface warming to carbon emissions in a suite of climate models
    Professor Richard G Williams
  72. Article
    On how surface warming continues after carbon emissions cease
    Professor Richard G Williams
  73. Article
    Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A New International Ocean Observing System
    Professor Richard G Williams
  74. Article
    Variations in the difference between mean sea level measured either side of Cape Hatteras and their relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation
    Chris HughesProfessor Richard G Williams
  75. Article
    Quantifying the drivers of ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes
    Professor Richard G Williams
  76. Article
    A new metric defining how the winds and ocean eddies in the Southern Ocean alter atmospheric CO2
    Professor Richard G Williams
  77. Article
    Volcanic ash as an oceanic iron source and sink
    Professor Richard G Williams
  78. Article
    A framework to understand how global surface warming connects to carbon emissions
    Professor Richard G Williams
  79. Article
    How does ocean heat content change over the North Atlantic Ocean?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  80. Article
    Physical controls of variability in North Atlantic phytoplankton communities
    Professor Richard G Williams
  81. Article
    A single equation connecting global surface warming with carbon emissions
    Professor Richard G Williams
  82. Article
    Mean sea-level variability along the northeast American Atlantic coast and the roles of the wind and the overturning circulation
    Professor Richard G WilliamsChris Hughes
  83. Article
    A ventilation-based framework to explain the regeneration-scavenging balance of iron in the ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  84. Article
    Evidence for production and lateral transport of dissolved organic phosphorus in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  85. Article
    The impact of fine-scale turbulence on phytoplankton community structure
    Professor Richard G Williams
  86. Article
    How ocean circulation affects the pattern of warming in the North Atlantic Ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  87. Article
    The paradox of the plankton: species competition and nutrient feedback sustain phytoplankton diversity
    Professor Richard G Williams
  88. Article
    Water Mass Transformations in the Southern Ocean Diagnosed from Observations: Contrasting Effects of Air–Sea Fluxes and Diapycnal Mixing
    Professor Richard G Williams
  89. Article
    Internal Wave Reflection on Shelf Slopes with Depth-Varying Stratification
    Professor Richard G Williams
  90. Article
    How the winds in the Southern Ocean alter atmospheric CO2 by upwelling of carbon-rich deep waters
    Professor Richard G Williams
  91. Article
    How warming and steric sea level rise relate to cumulative carbon emissions
    Professor Richard G Williams
  92. Article
    Sea level changes at Ascension Island in the last half century
    Professor Richard G Williams
  93. Article
    Oceanography: Centennial warming of ocean jets
    Professor Richard G Williams
  94. Article
    Nutrient streams in the North Atlantic: Advective pathways of inorganic and dissolved organic nutrients
    Professor Richard G WilliamsProf. Dennis A. Hansell
  95. Article
    The supply of excess phosphate across the Gulf Stream and the maintenance of subtropical nitrogen fixation
    Professor Richard G Williams
  96. Article
    Oceanography: Ocean eddies and plankton blooms
    Professor Richard G Williams
  97. Article
    Internal tides, nonlinear internal wave trains, and mixing in the Faroe-Shetland Channel
    Professor Richard G Williams
  98. Article
    The shaping of storm tracks by mountains and ocean dynamics
    Professor Richard G Williams
  99. Article
    Opposing decadal changes for the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    Professor Richard G Williams
  100. Article
    Opposing decadal changes for the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    Professor Richard G Williams
  101. Article
    Modelling the effects of chromatic adaptation on phytoplankton community structure in the oligotrophic ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  102. Article
    Water-mass transformation in the shelf seas
    Professor Richard G Williams
  103. Article
    On the Buoyancy Forcing and Residual Circulation in the Southern Ocean: The Feedback from Ekman and Eddy Transfer
    Professor Richard G Williams
  104. Article
    Distribution of dissolved organic nutrients and their effect on export production over the Atlantic Ocean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  105. Article
    Are mesoscale eddies in shelf seas formed by baroclinic instability of tidal fronts?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  106. Article
    The Effect of Ocean Dynamics and Orography on Atmospheric Storm Tracks
    Professor Richard G Williams
  107. Article
    Climate sensitivity to the carbon cycle modulated by past and future changes in ocean chemistry
    Professor Richard G Williams
  108. Article
    Ocean dynamics and the carbon cycle (ISBN 978-0-521-84369-0)
    Professor Richard G Williams
  109. Article
    Analytical relationships between atmospheric carbon dioxide, carbon emissions, and ocean processes
    Professor Richard G Williams
  110. Article
    Boundary wave communication of bottom pressure and overturning changes for the North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G WilliamsChris Hughes
  111. Article
    Phosphorus cycling in the North and South Atlantic Ocean subtropical gyres
    Professor Richard G Williams
  112. Article
    The Spatial Pattern and Mechanisms of Heat-Content Change in the North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  113. Article
    Meridional coherence of the North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
    Professor Richard G WilliamsChris Hughes
  114. Article
    How widespread and important is N2fixation in the North Atlantic Ocean?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  115. Article
    Ocean and Atmosphere Storm Tracks: The Role of Eddy Vorticity Forcing
    Professor Richard G WilliamsChris Hughes
  116. Article
    A twenty year reversal in water mass trends in the subtropical North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  117. Article
    Ocean-atmosphere partitioning of anthropogenic carbon dioxide on centennial timescales
    Professor Richard G Williams
  118. Article
    Topographic Control of Basin and Channel Flows: The Role of Bottom Pressure Torques and Friction
    Professor Richard G WilliamsChris Hughes
  119. Article
    Does the transport of dissolved organic nutrients affect export production in the Atlantic Ocean?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  120. Article
    The Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) Programme: A contextual view 1995–2005
    Professor Richard G Williams
  121. Article
    Nutrient streams and their induction into the mixed layer
    Professor Richard G Williams
  122. Article
    When Are Eddy Tracer Fluxes Directed Downgradient?
    Professor Richard G Williams
  123. Article
    Role of bottom water transport and diapycnic mixing in determining the radiocarbon distribution in the Pacific
    Professor Richard G Williams
  124. Article
    The Role of Sloping Sidewalls in Forming Potential Vorticity Contrasts in the Ocean Interior
    Professor Richard G Williams
  125. Article
    Comparing the overflow of dense water in isopycnic and cartesian models with tracer observations in the eastern Mediterranean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  126. Article
    Estimating the convective supply of nitrate and implied variability in export production over the North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  127. Article
    The role of eddies in the isopycnic transfer of nutrients and their impact on biological production
    Professor Richard G Williams
  128. Article
    Impact of the circulation on Sapropel Formation in the eastern Mediterranean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  129. Article
    Estimating climatological age from a model-derived oxygen–age relationship in the Mediterranean
    Professor Richard G Williams
  130. Article
    Oceanography: Eddies make ocean deserts bloom
    Professor Richard G Williams
  131. Article
    The Ekman transfer of nutrients and maintenance of new production over the North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  132. Article
    Inferring the Subduction Rate and Period over the North Atlantic
    Professor Richard G Williams
  133. Article
    Cooling Parsons’ Model of the Separated Gulf Stream
    Professor Richard G Williams
  134. Article
    The Influence of Air–Sea Interaction on the Ventilated Thermocline
    Professor Richard G Williams
  135. Article
    Modification of ocean eddies by air-sea interaction
    Professor Richard G Williams