All Stories

  1. Perioperative Implications of Antiretroviral Therapy: A Focus on Drug Interactions and Systemic Effects

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, June 2025, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  2. A Retrospective Study of Ultramassive Transfusion in Trauma Patients: Is There a Value After Which Additional Transfusions Are Futile?

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, May 2025, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  3. Performance of pulse oximeters as a function of race compared to skin pigmentation: a single center retrospective study

    Article • Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, August 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  4. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in US Anesthesiology Residency Matching

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 2024, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  5. Effect of lipid-lowering medications in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting surgery outcomes

    Article • BMC Anesthesiology, April 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  6. Perioperative dexmedetomidine and 5-year survival in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

    Article • British Journal of Anaesthesia, August 2021, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  7. Comparison of Oral Loading Dose to Intravenous Acetaminophen in Children for Analgesia After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, July 2021, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  8. Comparison of the combination of propofol and etomidate versus propofol or etomidate alone for induction of general anesthesia: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial

    Article • Archives of Medical Science, July 2021, Termedia Sp. z.o.o.

    Richard L Applegate II

  9. Course of illness and outcomes in older COVID-19 patients treated with HFNC: a retrospective analysis

    Article • Aging, June 2021, Impact Journals, LLC

    Richard L Applegate II

  10. Simultaneous comparison of depth of sedation performance between SedLine and BIS during general anesthesia using custom passive interface hardware: study protocol for a prospective, non-blinded, non-randomized trial

    Article • BMC Anesthesiology, April 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  11. Remote Ischemic Pre-conditioning in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Pilot Trial

    Article • Neurocritical Care, October 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  12. Oxygen Reserve Index: Utility as an Early Warning for Desaturation in High-Risk Surgical Patients

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 2020, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  13. Perioperative Dexmedetomidine Improves Outcomes of Kidney Transplant

    Article • Clinical and Translational Science, June 2020, Wiley

    Richard L Applegate II

  14. Study of early warning for desaturation provided by Oxygen Reserve Index in obese patients

    Article • Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, May 2020, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  15. Impact of preoperative pectoralis plane nerve blocks for mastectomy on perioperative opioid consumption: a retrospective study

    Article • Pain Management, May 2020, Future Medicine

    Richard L Applegate II

  16. Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

    Article • Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 2020, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  17. Multicenter comparison of three intraoperative hemoglobin trend monitoring methods

    Article • Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, December 2019, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  18. Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen gas attenuates cognitive deficits in a rat model of asphyxia induced-cardiac arrest

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2019, Medknow

    Richard L Applegate II

  19. A comparison of postoperative outcomes with PDA ligation in the OR versus the NICU: a retrospective cohort study on the risks of transport

    Article • BMC Anesthesiology, December 2018, Springer Science + Business Media

    Lisa Lee, Lisa Lee, Richard L Applegate II

  20. A comparison of midazolam and zolpidem as oral premedication in children, a prospective randomized double-blinded clinical trial

    Article • Pediatric Anesthesia, October 2018, Wiley

    Richard L Applegate II

  21. Retrospective Cohort Study on the Optimal Timing of Orogastric Tube/Nasogastric Tube Insertion in Infants With Pyloric Stenosis

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, September 2018, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Lisa Lee, Lisa Lee, Richard L Applegate II

  22. Blood Conservation Using Tranexamic Acid versus Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

    Article • Journal of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, July 2018, Evidence Based Communications

    Richard L Applegate II

  23. Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning Attenuates Cerebrovascular Depression During Sinusoidal Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation via α 1 ‐Adrenoceptor–Protein Kinase Cε–Endothelial NO Synthase Pathway in Rats

    Article • Journal of the American Heart Association, April 2018, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  24. Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, 4th ed.

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, January 2018, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  25. Inhalation of high concentration hydrogen gas improves short-term outcomes in a rat model of asphyxia induced-cardiac arrest

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2018, Medknow

    Richard L Applegate II

  26. In Response

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, November 2017, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  27. Pharmacological Management Options to Prevent and Reduce Ischemic Hemorrhagic Transformation

    Article • Current Drug Targets, August 2017, Bentham Science Publishers

    Richard L Applegate II

  28. Article • Journal of Biomedical Research, June 2017, Journal of Biomedical Research

    Richard L Applegate II

  29. Extreme Plasma Dilution Decreases Heparin and Protamine Cardiopulmonary Bypass Requirements

    Article • A & A Case Reports, June 2017, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  30. Crotalus atrox venom preconditioning increases plasma fibrinogen and reduces perioperative hemorrhage in a rat model of surgical brain injury

    Article • Scientific Reports, January 2017, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  31. Use of Esophageal Hemoximetry to Assess the Effect of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Gastrointestinal Oxygenation in Newborn Infants

    Article • American Journal of Perinatology, January 2017, Thieme Publishing Group

    Richard L Applegate II

  32. Pathophysiology of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Early Brain Injury, and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia

    Article • January 2017, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  33. Phase I and Phase II Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update on Currently Studied Drugs in Clinical Research

    Article • BioMed Research International, January 2017, Hindawi Publishing Corporation

    Richard L Applegate II

  34. Beta Blockade and Clinical Outcomes in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

    Article • The Open Neurology Journal, December 2016, Bentham Science Publishers

    Richard L Applegate II

  35. In Response

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, December 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  36. Sedation After Cardiac Surgery

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, December 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  37. Fails to Provide Neuroprotection Following

    Article • PLOS One, September 2016, PLOS

    Richard L Applegate II

  38. The Relationship Between Oxygen Reserve Index and Arterial Partial Pressure of Oxygen During Surgery

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, September 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  39. Continuous Noninvasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in an Infant With Tetra-Amelia

    Article • A & A Case Reports, September 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  40. Intraoperative Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Infant Heart Transplant Patients Is Not Associated with Worsened Outcomes

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, May 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  41. Comparison of web-based and face-to-face interviews for application to an anesthesiology training program: a pilot study

    Article • International Journal of Medical Education, April 2016, International Journal of Medical Education

    Richard L Applegate II

  42. Advanced Monitoring Is Associated with Fewer Alarm Events During Planned Moderate Procedure-Related Sedation

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, April 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  43. Comparison of the GlideScope Cobalt and Storz DCI Video Laryngoscopes in Children Younger Than 2 Years of Age During Manual In-Line Stabilization

    Article • Pediatric Emergency Care, January 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  44. Management of Near-Complete Airway Obstruction Caused by a Vallecular Cyst in an Infant Using a Tongue Tip Traction Suture

    Article • A & A Case Reports, January 2016, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  45. Brain Edema XVI

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  46. Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid Pretreatment Provides Neuroprotection Following Surgically Induced Brain Injury in a Rat Model

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  47. Propofol Pretreatment Fails to Provide Neuroprotection Following a Surgically Induced Brain Injury Rat Model

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  48. Thrombin Preconditioning in Surgical Brain Injury in Rats

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  49. Valproic Acid Pretreatment Reduces Brain Edema in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury

    Article • January 2016, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  50. Ischemic conditioning-induced endogenous brain protection: Applications pre-, per- or post-stroke

    Article • Experimental Neurology, October 2015, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  51. DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000255968.34562.09

    Article • Journal of Neuroscience, July 2015, Society for Neuroscience

    Richard L Applegate II

  52. What’s New in Traumatic Brain Injury: Update on Tracking, Monitoring and Treatment

    Article • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, May 2015, MDPI AG

    Richard L Applegate II

  53. Simulation Case: Cardiac Arrest During Pediatric Posterior Spinal Fusion

    Article • MedEdPORTAL, January 2015, Association of American Medical Colleges

    Richard L Applegate II

  54. Anti-neutrophil antibody enhances the neuroprotective effects of G-CSF by decreasing number of neutrophils in hypoxic ischemic neonatal rat model

    Article • Neurobiology of Disease, September 2014, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  55. Analgesic effectiveness of acetaminophen for primary cleft palate repair in young children: a randomized placebo controlled trial

    Article • Pediatric Anesthesia, April 2014, Wiley

    Richard L Applegate II

  56. Imaging of Cardiac Tumors and Solid and Gaseous Materials

    Article • January 2014, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  57. A systematic review of neuroprotective strategies after cardiac arrest: from bench to bedside (part II-comprehensive protection)

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  58. A systematic review of neuroprotective strategies after cardiac arrest: from bench to bedside (Part I – Protection via specific pathways)

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  59. Cognitive dysfunction following desflurane versus sevoflurane general anesthesia in elderly patients: a randomized controlled trial

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  60. Adverse effect of inhalational anesthetics on the developing brain

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2014, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  61. Isoflurane Post-Treatment Ameliorates GMH-Induced Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats

    Article • Stroke, October 2013, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  62. Association of Plasma Dilution With Cardiopulmonary Bypass-Associated Bleeding and Morbidity

    Article • Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, October 2013, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  63. The Relationship of Intravenous Dextrose Administration During Emergence from Anesthesia to Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, July 2013, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  64. Evaluation of Multiple Modes of Oximetry Monitoring as an Index of Splanchnic Blood Flow in a Newborn Lamb Model of Hypoxic, Ischemic, and Hemorrhagic Stress

    Article • Shock, June 2013, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  65. Telemedicine Pre-anesthesia Evaluation: A Randomized Pilot Trial

    Article • Telemedicine and e-Health, March 2013, Mary Ann Liebert Inc

    Richard L Applegate II

  66. The Perioperative Management of Asthma

    Article • Journal of Allergy & Therapy, January 2013, OMICS Publishing Group

    Richard L Applegate II

  67. Outcome impact of goal directed fluid therapy during high risk abdominal surgery in low to moderate risk patients: a randomized controlled trial

    Article • Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, December 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  68. Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor in Combination with Stem Cell Factor Confers Greater Neuroprotection after Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Damage in the Neonatal Rats than a Solitary Treatment

    Article • Translational Stroke Research, November 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  69. In Reply

    Article • Anesthesiology, August 2012, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  70. Impact of rocuronium vs succinylcholine neuromuscular blocking drug choice for laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: is there a difference in time to transport to recovery?

    Article • Pediatric Anesthesia, July 2012, Wiley

    Richard L Applegate II

  71. Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Brain Edema and Neurological Outcomes in Surgical Brain Injury in Rats

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, July 2012, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  72. The role of Volatile Anesthetics in Cardioprotection: a systematic review

    Article • Medical Gas Research, January 2012, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  73. Evaluation of Pulse Cooximetry in Patients Undergoing Abdominal or Pelvic Surgery

    Article • Anesthesiology, January 2012, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  74. Preoperative mucosal tolerance to brain antigens and a neuroprotective immune response following surgical brain injury

    Article • Journal of Neurosurgery, January 2012, Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)

    Richard L Applegate II, Austin Colohan

  75. Isoflurane Posttreatment Reduces Brain Injury After an Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Stroke in Mice

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 2011, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  76. Successful labor epidural analgesia 10days after an epidural blood patch

    Article • International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, April 2011, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  77. Mucosal Tolerance to Brain Antigens Preserves Endogenous TGFβ-1 and Improves Neurological Outcomes Following Experimental Craniotomy

    Article • January 2011, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  78. Endothelin Receptor-A (ETa) Inhibition Fails to Improve Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Rats

    Article • January 2011, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  79. Prostaglandin E2 EP1 Receptor Inhibition Fails to Provide Neuroprotection in Surgically Induced Brain-Injured Mice

    Article • January 2011, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II

  80. The Accuracy of Noninvasive and Continuous Total Hemoglobin Measurement by Pulse CO-Oximetry in Human Subjects Undergoing Hemodilution

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, December 2010, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  81. Dexmedetomidine for Awake Fiberoptic Intubation in a Parturient With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type III for Cesarean Delivery

    Article • Obstetric Anesthesia Digest, December 2010, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  82. Dexmedetomidine for awake fiberoptic intubation in a parturient with spinal muscular atrophy type III for cesarean delivery

    Article • International Journal of Obstetric Anesthesia, October 2009, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  83. NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF CONTINUOUS HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION VIA PULSE CO-OXIMETRY

    Article • CHEST Journal, October 2007, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  84. Deep Hypothermia and Circulatory Arrest in Adults

    Article • Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 2007, SAGE Publications

    Richard L Applegate II

  85. Don???t Abandon Martin???s Intravascular Electrocardiography Technique!

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, March 2007, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  86. Accurate Placement of the Right Atrial Air Aspiration Catheter: A Descriptive Study and Prospective Trial of Intravascular Electrocardiography

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 2006, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  87. Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in children undergoing cardiac surgery

    Article • Pediatric Neurology, August 2003, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  88. Anesthetic Management of Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation

    Article • Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 2001, SAGE Publications

    Richard L Applegate II

  89. Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery in Pediatric Patients Following Cardiac Transplantation

    Article • Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, March 2001, SAGE Publications

    Richard L Applegate II

  90. IMMEDIATE EXTUBATION AFTER PROFOUND HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, April 1998, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  91. The Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography to Guide Sternal Division for Cardiac Operations Via Mini-Sternotomy

    Article • Journal of Cardiac Surgery, March 1997, Wiley

    Richard L Applegate II

  92. Effect of Oncotic Pressure of Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb Trademark) on Brain Injury After Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 1996, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  93. Effect of Oncotic Pressure of Diaspirin Cross-Linked Hemoglobin (DCLHb Trademark) on Brain Injury After Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, August 1996, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  94. Salt, Starch, and Water on the Brain

    Article • Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, April 1996, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  95. Accuracy of Cardiac Output Estimation With Biplane Transesophageal Echocardiography

    Article • Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, January 1993, Elsevier

    Richard L Applegate II

  96. Neurophysiology and cerebral function

    Article • Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, October 1992, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  97. Remote Asynergy Detected by Biplane Transesophageal Echocardiography During Myocardial Revascularization Without Cardiopulmonary Bypass

    Article • Anesthesia & Analgesia, November 1991, Wolters Kluwer Health

    Richard L Applegate II

  98. Persistent sacral nerve root deficits after continuous spinal anaesthesia

    Article • Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie, October 1991, Springer Science + Business Media

    Richard L Applegate II