All Stories

  1. Vocal control during speaking in noisy environments

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Allison Aaron, Dr. Cara E Stepp

  2. Relationships Among Auditory Discrimination, Adaptive Vocal Learning, and Perilaryngeal Muscle Activation in People With and Without Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, May 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  3. Physiological Correlates of the Spectral Aggregate of the High-Passed Fundamental Frequency in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Anastasia Haubrich, Sophie Li

  4. Aerodynamic and Acoustic Characteristics of Nasal Airflow in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Jennifer Vojtech

  5. How well speakers with adductor laryngeal dystonia are understood

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, February 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Turley Duque

  6. Practice Parameters That Influence Vocal Motor Adaptation in Altered Auditory Feedback Paradigms

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, February 2026, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Allison Aaron, Edwin Maas, Kaitlyn Siedman

  7. Autonomic Arousal During Speech Production and Sensorimotor Adaptation

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, November 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  8. Preliminary Psychometric Review of Neurologists' Speech Ratings on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, November 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Kara Smith

  9. Volitional Control of Frequency and Intensity in Speakers With and Without Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, September 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  10. Capturing the Intraspeaker Heterogeneity of Vocal Hyperfunction Using Spatiotemporal Indices of Relative Fundamental Frequency

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Jennifer Vojtech, Dr. Cara E Stepp

  11. Acoustic Correlates of Timing Typicality in Speakers With Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, July 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  12. Qualitative Analysis of Speech-Language Pathologists' Voice Evaluation Practices and Perspectives

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, June 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  13. Minimal Detectable Change of Experienced and Novice Listeners' Ratings of Overall Severity of Voice Quality in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  14. Are Auditory-Perceptual Evaluations of Dysphonia by Experienced Voice Clinicians Affected by Knowledge of Speaker Race?

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, April 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  15. Characterization of Vocal Motor Control Using Laryngeal Kinematics in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, March 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Hasini Weerathunge

  16. Investigating Cognitive Load and Autonomic Arousal During Voice Production and Vocal Auditory-Motor Adaptation

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, March 2025, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  17. How to Efficiently Measure the Intelligibility of People With Parkinson's Disease

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, October 2024, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  18. Contributions of Speech Timing and Precision to Speech Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2024, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Saul Frankford

  19. Controlling Pitch for Prosody: Sensorimotor Adaptation in Linguistically Meaningful Contexts

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, January 2024, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  20. Effects of a Concurrent Working Memory Task on Speech Acoustics in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, December 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  21. Test–Retest Reliability of Behavioral Assays of Feedforward and Feedback Auditory–Motor Control of Voice and Articulation

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, November 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  22. Sex Differences in the Speech of Persons With and Without Parkinson's Disease

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, October 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  23. Do Not Cut Off Your Tail: A Mega-Analysis of Responses to Auditory Perturbation Experiments

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Sara-Ching Chao, Fatemeh Mollaei, Matthias K Franken

  24. Normative Values of Cepstral Peak Prominence Measures in Typical Speakers by Sex, Speech Stimuli, and Software Type Across the Life Span

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, June 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  25. Erratum to “Effects of Cognitive Stress on Voice Acoustics in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders”

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, March 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  26. Effects of Cognitive Stress on Voice Acoustics in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, January 2023, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  27. Spectral Aggregate of the High-Passed Fundamental Frequency and Its Relationship to the Primary Acoustic Features of Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, November 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  28. Lombard Effect in Individuals With Nonphonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction: Impact on Acoustic, Aerodynamic, and Vocal Fold Vibratory Parameters

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Víctor M. Espinoza, Matías Zanartu

  29. Resynthesis of Transmasculine Voices to Assess Gender Perception as a Function of Testosterone Therapy

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, July 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Brett Welch

  30. Voice and Speech Changes in Transmasculine Individuals Following Circumlaryngeal Massage and Laryngeal Reposturing

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, May 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  31. Clinical Cutoff Scores for Acoustic Indices of Vocal Hyperfunction That Combine Relative Fundamental Frequency and Cepstral Peak Prominence

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  32. Impact of Vocal Effort on Respiratory and Articulatory Kinematics

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, January 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  33. Assessing Ecologically Valid Methods of Auditory Feedback Measurement in Individuals With Typical Speech

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, January 2022, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Hasini Weerathunge

  34. Feedback and Feedforward Auditory-Motor Processes for Voice and Articulation in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Ashling Lupiani, Nicole Enos, Dr. Rosemary A. Lester-Smith, Hasini Weerathunge, Dr. Cara E Stepp

  35. Reliability and Accuracy of Expert Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice via Telepractice Platforms

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, November 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Hasini Weerathunge

  36. Telepractice Presents a Challenge to Voice Therapy

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, July 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Hasini Weerathunge

  37. The Effect of Visual Sort and Rate Versus Visual Analog Scales on the Reliability of Judgments of Dysphonia

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, May 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Amanda Opuszynski

  38. Changes in Relative Fundamental Frequency Under Increased Cognitive Load in Individuals With Healthy Voices

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  39. The Relationship Between Voice Onset Time and Increase in Vocal Effort and Fundamental Frequency

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2021, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Surbhi Hablani

  40. Perceptual and Acoustic Assessment of Strain Using Synthetically Modified Voice Samples

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  41. The Relation of Articulatory and Vocal Auditory–Motor Control in Typical Speakers

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, November 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Dr. Rosemary A. Lester-Smith, Nicole Enos

  42. An Updated Theoretical Framework for Vocal Hyperfunction

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, November 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Matías Zanartu

  43. The Impact of Communication Modality on Voice Production

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, September 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  44. Acuity to Changes in Self-Generated Vocal Pitch in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, September 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  45. Acoustic Model of Perceived Overall Severity of Dysphonia in Adductor-Type Laryngeal Dystonia

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  46. Contributions of Auditory and Somatosensory Feedback to Vocal Motor Control

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, July 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  47. Formant-Estimated Vocal Tract Length and Extrinsic Laryngeal Muscle Activation During Modulation of Vocal Effort in Healthy Speakers

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, May 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Surbhi Hablani

  48. Relative Fundamental Frequency in Children With and Without Vocal Fold Nodules

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, February 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  49. Voice Onset Time in Individuals With Hyperfunctional Voice Disorders: Evidence for Disordered Vocal Motor Control

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, February 2020, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Jennifer Oostdyk

  50. Research-Based Updates in Swallowing and Communication Dysfunction in Parkinson Disease: Implications for Evaluation and Management

    Article • Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, October 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  51. Categorization in the Perception of Breathy Voice Quality and Its Relation to Voice Production in Healthy Speakers

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  52. Visual Analog Scale Ratings and Orthographic Transcription Measures of Sentence Intelligibility in Parkinson's Disease With Variable Listener Exposure

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, August 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Nicole Enos

  53. Pitch Shifting With the Commercially Available Eventide Eclipse: Intended and Unintended Changes to the Speech Signal

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, July 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Ashling Lupiani, Dr. Cara E Stepp

  54. Adductory Vocal Fold Kinematic Trajectories During Conventional Versus High-Speed Videoendoscopy

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Jennifer Vojtech

  55. Test–Retest Reliability of Relative Fundamental Frequency and Conventional Acoustic, Aerodynamic, and Perceptual Measures in Individuals With Healthy Voices

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  56. The Relationship Between Physiological Mechanisms and the Self-Perception of Vocal Effort

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, April 2019, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Nicole Enos

  57. Loudness Perception of Pure Tones in Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2018, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Ashling Lupiani

  58. Erratum

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2017, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  59. Magnitude of Neck-Surface Vibration as an Estimate of Subglottal Pressure During Modulations of Vocal Effort and Intensity in Healthy Speakers

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2017, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Daryush Mehta, Victoria McKenna

  60. Variability of the Pressure Measurements Exerted by the Tip of Laryngoscope During Laryngeal Sensory Testing: A Clinical Demonstration

    Article • American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, August 2017, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr Susan E Langmore, Dr. Cara E Stepp, Dr. Gintas P Krisciunas

  61. Relative Fundamental Frequency Distinguishes Between Phonotraumatic and Non-Phonotraumatic Vocal Hyperfunction

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2017, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Daryush Mehta

  62. The Relationship Between Relative Fundamental Frequency and a Kinematic Estimate of Laryngeal Stiffness in Healthy Adults

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2016, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Victoria McKenna

  63. Effects of Biofeedback on Control and Generalization of Nasalization in Typical Speakers

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2016, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  64. Objective Measure of Nasal Air Emission Using Nasal Accelerometry

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2016, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  65. Voice Relative Fundamental Frequency Via Neck-Skin Acceleration in Individuals With Voice Disorders

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2015, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp, Daryush Mehta

  66. Listener Perception of Monopitch, Naturalness, and Intelligibility for Speakers With Parkinson's Disease

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2015, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  67. Individual Monitoring of Vocal Effort With Relative Fundamental Frequency: Relationships With Aerodynamics and Listener Perception

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2015, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  68. Talker Identification Across Source Mechanisms: Experiments With Laryngeal and Electrolarynx Speech

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2014, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  69. Effects of Phonetic Context on Relative Fundamental Frequency

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2014, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  70. Comparison of Nasal Acceleration and Nasalance Across Vowels

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2013, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  71. The Relationship Between Perception of Vocal Effort and Relative Fundamental Frequency During Voicing Offset and Onset

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, December 2012, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  72. Surface Electromyography for Speech and Swallowing Systems: Measurement, Analysis, and Interpretation

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, August 2012, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  73. Effects of Voice Therapy on Relative Fundamental Frequency During Voicing Offset and Onset in Patients With Vocal Hyperfunction

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2011, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  74. Modulation of Neck Intermuscular Beta Coherence During Voice and Speech Production

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, June 2011, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp

  75. The Impact of Vocal Hyperfunction on Relative Fundamental Frequency During Voicing Offset and Onset

    Article • Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, October 2010, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA)

    Dr. Cara E Stepp