All Stories

  1. Shadow education in rural Kazakhstan: patterns and implications for access to higher education

    Article • Research Papers in Education, April 2026, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  2. L2‐Mediated Personal Competence as a Dimension of Identity Development Among International Students in Kazakhstan: A Mixed Methods Study

    Article • International Journal of Applied Linguistics, March 2026, Wiley

    Anas Hajar

  3. Seeking support beyond schools: mothers’ perspectives on shadow education for children with special educational needs in Kazakhstan

    Article • International Journal of Inclusive Education, March 2026, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  4. The nature and implications of shadow education for displaced Syrian secondary students in Türkiye: A quantitative inquiry

    Article • International Journal of Educational Development, March 2026, Elsevier

    Anas Hajar

  5. “Whiteness” and Future “Imaginaries”: Pakistani Test‐Takers' Perspectives on Mobility and High‐Stakes English Proficiency Tests

    Article • TESOL Quarterly, February 2026, Wiley

    Dr. Syed A Manan, Anas Hajar

  6. English Language Teacher-Tutors’ Emotional Labour and Agentive Maneuverings: Evidence from Rural Kazakhstan

    Article • January 2026, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  7. Neoliberal Governmentality and English Private Tutoring Among Rural Secondary School Students in Kazakhstan: A Quantitative Inquiry

    Article • International Journal of Applied Linguistics, December 2025, Wiley

    Anas Hajar

  8. Buying your way into higher education? unpacking the association between fee-charging private tutoring and educational inequality in Kazakhstan

    Article • Asia Pacific Education Review, November 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  9. Navigating undergraduate students’ (dis)investments, language learning strategies, and future vision for learning Chinese in Kazakhstan

    Article • Language Culture and Curriculum, September 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  10. Navigating Kazakhstani postgraduate students' intercultural citizenship development and future vision in Türkiye: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Discourse Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, September 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  11. Exploring African International Students' Expectations, Intercultural Citizenship Development, and Future Vision at an English Medium University in Kazakhstan

    Article • August 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  12. Reimagining International Student Mobility in Asia

    Article • August 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  13. Towards Student Mobility in Asia

    Article • August 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  14. Global south mobility: a case study on the motivations and language practices of Indian international students in Kazakhstan

    Article • Globalisation Societies and Education, May 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  15. Examining the nature, effectiveness and implications of shadow education in rural Kazakhstan: A participatory study of primary school students

    Article • British Educational Research Journal, May 2025, Wiley

    Anas Hajar

  16. Examining the nature and effectiveness of fee-free supplementary tutoring: voices of ‘Robin Hood teachers’ in Kazakhstan

    Article • Cambridge Journal of Education, May 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  17. Fee-charging private tutoring and educational inequality: voices of secondary school students in Türkiye

    Article • Globalisation Societies and Education, May 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  18. Unpacking Syrian international students’ expectations, challenges and future selves in Kazakhstan: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Language and Intercultural Communication, April 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  19. The spiritual vision for learning Arabic and beyond: unpacking undergraduate students investments and identity negotiation in Kazakhstan

    Article • International Journal of Multilingualism, March 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  20. Navigating teachers’ perceptions and experiences of shadow education expansion and regulation in Kazakhstan: a mixed-methods study

    Article • British Journal of Sociology of Education, March 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  21. Shadow education in conflict-affected contexts: experiences of internally displaced Syrian students with English private tutoring

    Article • Oxford Review of Education, February 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  22. Unpacking the complexity of English language teacher-tutor identities in Kazakhstan: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, January 2025, Taylor & Francis

    Dr. Syed A Manan, Anas Hajar

  23. Participatory Research Methods in Shadow Education Research: Methodologic Insights

    Article • January 2025, SAGE Publications

    Anas Hajar

  24. Shadow Education and Teacher Burnout

    Article • January 2025, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  25. Illuminating the shadows: the role of private supplementary tutoring on student math performance in PISA 2022

    Article • Large-scale Assessments in Education, December 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  26. Three decades of research on the model of investment in applied linguistics: a bibliometric analysis and research agenda

    Article • Language Culture and Curriculum, November 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  27. Understanding secondary school students’ challenges, language learning strategies and future selves at highly selective EMI schools in Kazakhstan

    Article • AILA Review, November 2024, John Benjamins

    Anas Hajar

  28. Understanding English medium instruction (EMI) policy from the perspectives of STEM content teachers in Kazakhstan

    Article • TESOL Journal, July 2024, Wiley

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  29. Five decades of language learning strategy research: a bibliometric review and research agenda

    Article • Language Learning Journal, June 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  30. Multilingual Selves and Motivations for Learning Languages other than English in Asian Contexts

    Article • May 2024, Channel View Publications, Ltd.

    Anas Hajar

  31. From policy dumping to a participatory framework: re-envisioning the English medium instruction policy in Kazakhstan’s mainstream schools

    Article • Asian Englishes, May 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  32. African international students’ challenges, investment and identity development at a highly selective EMI university in Kazakhstan

    Article • Language and Education, April 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  33. Learning in the shadows: exploring primary school students and their parents’ perceptions of fee-charging private tutoring in Kazakhstan

    Article • Globalisation Societies and Education, March 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  34. Being participatory: employing geographic lenses to understand young people’s experiences of private supplementary tutoring in Uzbekistan

    Article • Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education, March 2024, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  35. Primary School Students’ Experiences of English Private Tutoring in Uzbekistan Using Participatory Methods

    Article • The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, February 2024, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  36. Mapping research on International Student Mobilities in higher education: Achievements and the agenda ahead

    Article • International Journal of Educational Research, January 2024, Elsevier

    Anas Hajar

  37. Policy from below: STEM teachers’ response to EMI policy and policy-making in the mainstream schools in Kazakhstan

    Article • Current Issues in Language Planning, August 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Dr. Syed A Manan, Anas Hajar

  38. From colonial celebration to postcolonial performativity: ‘guilty multilingualism’ and ‘performative agency’ in the English Medium Instruction (EMI) context

    Article • Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, July 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Dr. Syed A Manan, Anas Hajar

  39. Obituary for Zoltán Dörnyei (1960–2022): a bibliometric mapping of his publications

    Article • Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, July 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  40. Private supplementary tutoring and educational inequality in secondary education in Kazakhstan

    Article • Central Asian Survey, July 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  41. Correction to: A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future

    Article • Asia Pacific Education Review, June 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  42. Understanding challenges, investment, and strategic language use of postgraduate students in an English-medium university in Kazakhstan

    Article • Asian Englishes, June 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Dr. Syed A Manan, Anas Hajar

  43. Coming out of the shadows: investing in English private tutoring at a transition point in Kazakhstan’s education system during the global pandemic

    Article • Language Learning Journal, May 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  44. Throwing light on fee-charging tutoring during the global pandemic in Kazakhstan: implications for the future of higher education

    Article • Asia Pacific Education Review, February 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  45. Private Supplementary Tutoring at a Transition Point in Kazakhstan’s Education System: Its Scale, Nature, and Policy Implications

    Article • European Education, February 2023, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  46. English Private Tutoring at a Transition Point in Morocco’s Education System: Its Scale, Nature, and Effectiveness

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  47. Investing in English Private Tutoring to Achieve an Ideal Multilingual Self: Evidence from Post-Soviet Kazakhstan

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  48. Private Tutoring: A Global Phenomenon in ELT

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  49. EMI in Central Asia

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  50. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  51. Private Tutoring in English: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  52. Promoting the Well-Being of Asylum-Seeking and Refugee Children Within and Beyond the School Gates: Insights from the United Kingdom

    Article • January 2023, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  53. Critical reflexive phenomenography in a study abroad context

    Article • December 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  54. “Disinvestment” in Learners’ Multilingual Identities: English Learning, Imagined Identities, and Neoliberal Subjecthood in Pakistan

    Article • Journal of Language Identity & Education, August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  55. Shadow Education in the Middle East

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  56. Conclusion

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  57. Educational and social impact

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  58. Global perspectives on shadow education

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  59. Introduction

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  60. Middle East contexts

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  61. Policy implications

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  62. Scale and nature of shadow education

    Article • August 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  63. Complexity of the Contexts: Features of Private Tutoring and Units for Comparison in the GCC Countries of the Middle East

    Article • ECNU Review of Education, July 2022, SAGE Publications

    Anas Hajar

  64. English as an index of neoliberal globalization: The linguistic landscape of Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

    Article • Language Sciences, July 2022, Elsevier

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  65. Emergency remote English language teaching and learning: Voices of primary school students and teachers in Kazakhstan

    Article • Review of Education, June 2022, Wiley

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  66. A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future

    Article • Asia Pacific Education Review, April 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  67. Young children’s perceptions of emergency online English learning during the Covid-19 pandemic: evidence from Kazakhstan

    Article • Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, March 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar, Dr. Syed A Manan

  68. The ideal multilingual self of individuals in conflict-affected situations

    Article • International Journal of Multilingualism, February 2022, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  69. Developing Intercultural Citizenship in a Study Abroad Context: Voices of International Postgraduate Students in Britain

    Article • January 2022, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  70. Child participatory research methods: exploring grade 6 pupils’ experiences of private tutoring in Kazakhstan

    Article • Cambridge Journal of Education, December 2021, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  71. The role of private tutoring in admission to higher education: Evidence from a highly selective university in Kazakhstan

    Article • The Hungarian Educational Research Journal, July 2021, Akademiai Kiado

    Anas Hajar

  72. Exploring Postgraduate students’ challenges and strategy use while writing a master’s thesis in an English-medium University in Kazakhstan

    Article • Tertiary Education and Management, June 2021, Springer Science + Business Media

    Anas Hajar

  73. Investigating language identities of international postgraduate students in Britain: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, June 2021, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  74. Theoretical foundations of phenomenography: a critical review

    Article • Higher Education Research & Development, October 2020, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  75. Shifting learning strategies and future selves of Arab postgraduate students in Britain: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, March 2020, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  76. The association between private tutoring and access to grammar schools: Voices of Year 6 pupils and teachers in south‐east England

    Article • British Educational Research Journal, December 2019, Wiley

    Anas Hajar

  77. Arab sojourner expectations, academic socialisation and strategy use on a pre-sessional English programme in Britain

    Article • Pedagogies An International Journal, November 2019, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  78. International Students’ Challenges, Strategies and Future Vision

    Article • December 2018, Channel View Publications, Ltd.

    Anas Hajar

  79. Shadow education and the curriculum and culture of schooling in South Korea

    Article • Compare A Journal of Comparative and International Education, June 2018, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  80. Exploring Year 6 pupils’ perceptions of private tutoring: evidence from three mainstream schools in England

    Article • Oxford Review of Education, February 2018, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  81. Examining the Impact of Immediate Family Members on Gulf Arab EFL Students’ Strategic Language Learning and Development

    Article • RELC Journal, August 2017, SAGE Publications

    Anas Hajar

  82. Identity, investment and language learning strategies

    Article • Language Culture and Curriculum, April 2017, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  83. Understanding Arab students’ challenges, strategy use and future vision while writing their Masters dissertations at a UK University: a qualitative inquiry

    Article • Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, June 2016, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar

  84. Motivated by visions: a tale of a rural learner of English

    Article • Language Learning Journal, March 2016, Taylor & Francis

    Anas Hajar